os_freebsd.cpp

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/*
 * os_freebsd.cpp
 *
 * Home page of code is: https://www.smartmontools.org
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2003-10 Eduard Martinescu
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */
 
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/endian.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <camlib.h>
#include <cam/scsi/scsi_message.h>
#include <cam/scsi/scsi_pass.h>
#if defined(__DragonFly__)
#include <sys/nata.h>
#else
#include <sys/ata.h>
#endif
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <glob.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
 
#include "config.h"
 
// set by /usr/include/sys/ata.h, suppress warning
#undef ATA_READ_LOG_EXT
#include "atacmds.h"
#include "scsicmds.h"
#include "cciss.h"
#include "utility.h"
#include "os_freebsd.h"
 
#include "dev_interface.h"
#include "dev_ata_cmd_set.h"
#include "dev_areca.h"
 
#define USBDEV "/dev/usb"
#if defined(__FreeBSD_version)
 
// This way we define one variable for the GNU/kFreeBSD and FreeBSD 
#define FREEBSDVER __FreeBSD_version
#else
#define FREEBSDVER __FreeBSD_kernel_version
#endif
 
#if (FREEBSDVER >= 800000)
#include <libusb20_desc.h>
#include <libusb20.h>
#elif defined(__DragonFly__)
#include <bus/usb/usb.h>
#include <bus/usb/usbhid.h>
#else
#include <dev/usb/usb.h>
#include <dev/usb/usbhid.h>
#endif
 
// based on "/sys/dev/nvme/nvme.h" from FreeBSD kernel sources
#include "freebsd_nvme_ioctl.h" // NVME_PASSTHROUGH_CMD, nvme_completion_is_error
 
#define CONTROLLER_3WARE_9000_CHAR      0x01
#define CONTROLLER_3WARE_678K_CHAR      0x02
 
#ifndef PATHINQ_SETTINGS_SIZE
#define PATHINQ_SETTINGS_SIZE   128
#endif
 
const char *os_XXXX_c_cvsid="$Id: os_freebsd.cpp 5468 2023-03-14 20:01:29Z chrfranke $" \
ATACMDS_H_CVSID CCISS_H_CVSID CONFIG_H_CVSID OS_FREEBSD_H_CVSID SCSICMDS_H_CVSID UTILITY_H_CVSID;
 
#define NO_RETURN 0
#define BAD_SMART 1
#define NO_DISK_3WARE 2
#define BAD_KERNEL 3
#define MAX_MSG 3
 
// Utility function for printing warnings
void printwarning(int msgNo, const char* extra) {
 
  if (msgNo >= 0 && msgNo <= MAX_MSG) {
    static int printed[] = {0,0,0,0};
    if (!printed[msgNo]) {
 
      static const char* message[]={
        "The SMART RETURN STATUS return value (smartmontools -H option/Directive)\n can not be retrieved with this version of ATAng, please do not rely on this value\nYou should update to at least 5.2\n",
 
        "Error SMART Status command failed\nPlease get assistance from \n" PACKAGE_URL "\nRegister values returned from SMART Status command are:\n",
 
        "You must specify a DISK # for 3ware drives with -d 3ware,<n> where <n> begins with 1 for first disk drive\n",
 
        "ATA support is not provided for this kernel version. Please ugrade to a recent 5-CURRENT kernel (post 09/01/2003 or so)\n"
      };
 
      printed[msgNo] = 1;
      pout("%s", message[msgNo]);
      if (extra)
        pout("%s",extra);
    }
  }
  return;
}
 
// Interface to ATA devices behind 3ware escalade RAID controller cards.  See os_linux.c
 
#define BUFFER_LEN_678K_CHAR ( sizeof(struct twe_usercommand) ) // 520
#define BUFFER_LEN_9000_CHAR ( sizeof(TW_OSLI_IOCTL_NO_DATA_BUF) + sizeof(TWE_Command) ) // 2048
#define TW_IOCTL_BUFFER_SIZE ( MAX(BUFFER_LEN_678K_CHAR, BUFFER_LEN_9000_CHAR) )
 
#ifndef ATA_DEVICE
#define ATA_DEVICE "/dev/ata"
#endif
 
#define ARGUSED(x) ((void)(x))
 
extern unsigned char failuretest_permissive;
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
namespace os_freebsd { // No need to publish anything, name provided for Doxygen
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Implement shared open/close routines with old functions.
 
class freebsd_smart_device
: virtual public /*implements*/ smart_device
{
public:
  explicit freebsd_smart_device()
    : smart_device(never_called),
      m_fd(-1) { }
 
  virtual ~freebsd_smart_device();
 
  virtual bool is_open() const;
 
  virtual bool open();
 
  virtual bool close();
 
protected:
  /// Return filedesc for derived classes.
  int get_fd() const
    { return m_fd; }
 
  void set_fd(int fd)
    { m_fd = fd; }
 
private:
  int m_fd; ///< filedesc, -1 if not open.
};
 
#ifdef __GLIBC__
static inline void * reallocf(void *ptr, size_t size) {
   void *rv = realloc(ptr, size);
   if((rv == NULL) && (size != 0))
     free(ptr);
   return rv;
   }
#endif
 
freebsd_smart_device::~freebsd_smart_device()
{
  if (m_fd >= 0)
    os_freebsd::freebsd_smart_device::close();
}
 
// migration from the old_style 
unsigned char m_controller_type;
unsigned char m_controller_port; 
 
// examples for smartctl
static const char  smartctl_examples[] =
   "=================================================== SMARTCTL EXAMPLES =====\n\n"
         "  smartctl -a /dev/ad0                       (Prints all SMART information)\n\n"
         "  smartctl --smart=on --offlineauto=on --saveauto=on /dev/ad0\n"
         "                                              (Enables SMART on first disk)\n\n"
         "  smartctl -t long /dev/ad0              (Executes extended disk self-test)\n\n"
         "  smartctl --attributes --log=selftest --quietmode=errorsonly /dev/ad0\n"
         "                                      (Prints Self-Test & Attribute errors)\n"
         "                                      (Prints Self-Test & Attribute errors)\n\n"
         "  smartctl -a --device=3ware,2 /dev/twa0\n"
         "  smartctl -a --device=3ware,2 /dev/twe0\n"
         "  smartctl -a --device=3ware,2 /dev/tws0\n"
         "                              (Prints all SMART information for ATA disk on\n"
         "                                 third port of first 3ware RAID controller)\n"
  "  smartctl -a --device=cciss,0 /dev/ciss0\n"
         "                              (Prints all SMART information for first disk \n"
         "                               on Common Interface for SCSI-3 Support driver)\n"
  "  smartctl -a --device=areca,3/1 /dev/arcmsr0\n"
         "                              (Prints all SMART information for 3rd disk in the 1st enclosure \n"
         "                               on first ARECA RAID controller)\n"
  "  smartctl -a --device=megaraid,3 /dev/mrsas0\n"
         "                              (Prints all SMART information for 3rd disk\n"
         "                               on first LSI RAID controller)\n"
 
         ;
 
bool freebsd_smart_device::is_open() const
{
  return (m_fd >= 0);
}
 
 
bool freebsd_smart_device::open()
{
  const char *dev = get_dev_name();
  if ((m_fd = ::open(dev,O_RDONLY))<0) {
    set_err(errno);
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}
 
bool freebsd_smart_device::close()
{
  int failed = 0;
  // close device, if open
  if (is_open())
    failed=::close(get_fd());
 
  set_fd(-1);
 
  if(failed) return false;
    else return true;
}
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Implement standard ATA support
 
class freebsd_ata_device
: public /*implements*/ ata_device,
  public /*extends*/ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_ata_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name, const char * req_type);
  virtual bool ata_pass_through(const ata_cmd_in & in, ata_cmd_out & out) override;
 
protected:
  virtual int do_cmd(struct ata_ioc_request* request, bool is_48bit_cmd);
};
 
freebsd_ata_device::freebsd_ata_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name, const char * req_type)
: smart_device(intf, dev_name, "ata", req_type),
  freebsd_smart_device()
{
}
 
int freebsd_ata_device::do_cmd( struct ata_ioc_request* request, bool is_48bit_cmd)
{
  int fd = get_fd(), ret;
  ARGUSED(is_48bit_cmd); // no support for 48 bit commands in the IOCATAREQUEST
  ret = ioctl(fd, IOCATAREQUEST, request);
  if (ret) set_err(errno);
  return ret;
}
 
 
 
bool freebsd_ata_device::ata_pass_through(const ata_cmd_in & in, ata_cmd_out & out)
{
  bool ata_48bit = false; // no ata_48bit_support via IOCATAREQUEST
  if(!strcmp("atacam",get_dev_type())) // enable for atacam interface
    ata_48bit = true;
 
  if (!ata_cmd_is_ok(in,
    true,  // data_out_support
    true,  // multi_sector_support
    ata_48bit) 
    ) {
      set_err(ENOSYS, "48-bit ATA commands not implemented for legacy controllers");
      return false;
    }
 
  struct ata_ioc_request request;
  memset(&request, 0, sizeof(struct ata_ioc_request));
 
  request.timeout=SCSI_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
  request.u.ata.command=in.in_regs.command;
  request.u.ata.feature=in.in_regs.features;
 
  request.u.ata.count = in.in_regs.sector_count_16;
  request.u.ata.lba = in.in_regs.lba_48;
 
  switch (in.direction) {
    case ata_cmd_in::no_data:  
      request.flags=ATA_CMD_CONTROL;
      break;
    case ata_cmd_in::data_in:  
      request.flags=ATA_CMD_READ | ATA_CMD_CONTROL;
      request.data=(char *)in.buffer;
      request.count=in.size;
      break;
    case ata_cmd_in::data_out: 
      request.flags=ATA_CMD_WRITE | ATA_CMD_CONTROL;
      request.data=(char *)in.buffer;
      request.count=in.size;
      break;
    default:
      return set_err(ENOSYS);
  }
 
  clear_err();
  errno = 0;
  if (do_cmd(&request, in.in_regs.is_48bit_cmd()))
      return false;
  if (request.error)
      return set_err(EIO, "request failed, error code 0x%02x", request.error);
 
  out.out_regs.error = request.error;
  out.out_regs.sector_count_16 = request.u.ata.count;
  out.out_regs.lba_48 = request.u.ata.lba;
 
  return true;
}
 
#if FREEBSDVER > 800100
class freebsd_atacam_device : public freebsd_ata_device
{
public:
  freebsd_atacam_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name, const char * req_type)
  : smart_device(intf, dev_name, "atacam", req_type), freebsd_ata_device(intf, dev_name, req_type)
  {}
  
  virtual bool open();
  virtual bool close();
  
protected:
  int m_fd;
  struct cam_device *m_camdev;
 
  virtual int do_cmd( struct ata_ioc_request* request , bool is_48bit_cmd);
};
 
bool freebsd_atacam_device::open(){
  const char *dev = get_dev_name();
  
  if ((m_camdev = cam_open_device(dev, O_RDWR)) == NULL) {
    set_err(errno);
    return false;
  }
  set_fd(m_camdev->fd);
  return true;
}
 
bool freebsd_atacam_device::close(){
  cam_close_device(m_camdev);
  set_fd(-1);
  return true;
}
 
int freebsd_atacam_device::do_cmd( struct ata_ioc_request* request, bool is_48bit_cmd)
{
  union ccb ccb;
  int camflags;
 
  // 48bit commands are broken in ATACAM before r242422/HEAD
  // and may cause system hang
  // First version with working support should be FreeBSD 9.2.0/RELEASE
 
#if (FREEBSDVER < 902001)
  if(!strcmp("ata",m_camdev->sim_name) && is_48bit_cmd) {
    set_err(ENOSYS, "48-bit ATA commands not implemented for legacy controllers");
    return -1;
  }
#endif
 
  memset(&ccb, 0, sizeof(ccb));
 
  if (request->count == 0)
    camflags = CAM_DIR_NONE;
  else if (request->flags & ATA_CMD_READ)
    camflags = CAM_DIR_IN;
  else
    camflags = CAM_DIR_OUT;
 
  cam_fill_ataio(&ccb.ataio,
                 0,
                 NULL,
                 camflags,
                 MSG_SIMPLE_Q_TAG,
                 (u_int8_t*)request->data,
                 request->count,
                 request->timeout * 1000); // timeout in seconds
 
  ccb.ataio.cmd.flags = CAM_ATAIO_NEEDRESULT |
    (is_48bit_cmd ? CAM_ATAIO_48BIT : 0);
  // ata_28bit_cmd
  ccb.ataio.cmd.command = request->u.ata.command;
  ccb.ataio.cmd.features = request->u.ata.feature;
  ccb.ataio.cmd.lba_low = request->u.ata.lba;
  ccb.ataio.cmd.lba_mid = request->u.ata.lba >> 8;
  ccb.ataio.cmd.lba_high = request->u.ata.lba >> 16;
  // ata_48bit cmd
  ccb.ataio.cmd.lba_low_exp = request->u.ata.lba >> 24;
  ccb.ataio.cmd.lba_mid_exp = request->u.ata.lba >> 32;
  ccb.ataio.cmd.lba_high_exp = request->u.ata.lba >> 40;
  ccb.ataio.cmd.device = 0x40 | ((request->u.ata.lba >> 24) & 0x0f);
  ccb.ataio.cmd.sector_count = request->u.ata.count;
  ccb.ataio.cmd.sector_count_exp = request->u.ata.count  >> 8;;
 
  ccb.ccb_h.flags |= CAM_DEV_QFRZDIS;
 
  if (cam_send_ccb(m_camdev, &ccb) < 0) {
    set_err(EIO, "cam_send_ccb failed");
    return -1;
  }
 
  if ((ccb.ccb_h.status & CAM_STATUS_MASK) != CAM_REQ_CMP) {
    if(scsi_debugmode > 0)
      cam_error_print(m_camdev, &ccb, CAM_ESF_ALL, CAM_EPF_ALL, stderr);
    set_err(EIO);
    return -1;
  }
 
  request->u.ata.lba =
    ((u_int64_t)(ccb.ataio.res.lba_low)) |
    ((u_int64_t)(ccb.ataio.res.lba_mid) << 8) |
    ((u_int64_t)(ccb.ataio.res.lba_high) << 16) |
    ((u_int64_t)(ccb.ataio.res.lba_low_exp) << 24) |
    ((u_int64_t)(ccb.ataio.res.lba_mid_exp) << 32) |
    ((u_int64_t)(ccb.ataio.res.lba_high_exp) << 40);
 
  request->u.ata.count = ccb.ataio.res.sector_count | (ccb.ataio.res.sector_count_exp << 8);
  request->error = ccb.ataio.res.error;
 
  return 0;
}
 
#endif
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// NVMe support
 
class freebsd_nvme_device
: public /*implements*/ nvme_device,
  public /*extends*/ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_nvme_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name,
    const char * req_type, unsigned nsid);
 
  virtual bool open() override;
 
  virtual bool nvme_pass_through(const nvme_cmd_in & in, nvme_cmd_out & out) override;
};
 
freebsd_nvme_device::freebsd_nvme_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name,
  const char * req_type, unsigned nsid)
: smart_device(intf, dev_name, "nvme", req_type),
  nvme_device(nsid),
  freebsd_smart_device()
{
}
 
bool freebsd_nvme_device::open()
{
  const char *dev = get_dev_name();
  if (!strnstr(dev, NVME_CTRLR_PREFIX, strlen(NVME_CTRLR_PREFIX))) {
        set_err(EINVAL, "NVMe controller controller/namespace ids must begin with '%s'", 
                NVME_CTRLR_PREFIX);
        return false;
  }
  
  int nsid = -1, ctrlid = -1;
  char tmp;
  
  if(sscanf(dev, NVME_CTRLR_PREFIX"%d%c", &ctrlid, &tmp) == 1)
  {
        if(ctrlid < 0) {
                set_err(EINVAL, "Invalid NVMe controller number");
                return false;
        }
        nsid = 0xFFFFFFFF; // broadcast id
  }
  else if (sscanf(dev, NVME_CTRLR_PREFIX"%d" NVME_NS_PREFIX "%d%c", 
        &ctrlid, &nsid, &tmp) == 2) 
  {
        if(ctrlid < 0 || nsid < 0) {
                set_err(EINVAL, "Invalid NVMe controller/namespace number");
                return false;
        }
  }
  else {
        set_err(EINVAL, "Invalid NVMe controller/namespace syntax");
        return false;
  }
  
  // we should always open controller, not namespace device
  char  full_path[64];
  snprintf(full_path, sizeof(full_path), NVME_CTRLR_PREFIX"%d", ctrlid);
  
  int fd; 
  if ((fd = ::open(full_path, O_RDWR))<0) {
    set_err(errno);
    return false;
  }
  set_fd(fd);
  
  if (!get_nsid()) {
    set_nsid(nsid);
  }
  
  return true;
}
 
bool freebsd_nvme_device::nvme_pass_through(const nvme_cmd_in & in, nvme_cmd_out & out)
{
  // nvme_passthru_cmd pt;
  struct nvme_pt_command pt;
  struct nvme_completion *cp_p;
  memset(&pt, 0, sizeof(pt));
 
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 1200058 && __FreeBSD_version < 1200081
  pt.cmd.opc_fuse = NVME_CMD_SET_OPC(in.opcode);
#else
  pt.cmd.opc = in.opcode;
#endif
  pt.cmd.nsid = htole32(in.nsid);
  pt.buf = in.buffer;
  pt.len = in.size;
  pt.cmd.cdw10 = htole32(in.cdw10);
  pt.cmd.cdw11 = htole32(in.cdw11);
  pt.cmd.cdw12 = htole32(in.cdw12);
  pt.cmd.cdw13 = htole32(in.cdw13);
  pt.cmd.cdw14 = htole32(in.cdw14);
  pt.cmd.cdw15 = htole32(in.cdw15);
  pt.is_read = 1; // should we use in.direction()?
  
  int status = ioctl(get_fd(), NVME_PASSTHROUGH_CMD, &pt);
 
  if (status < 0)
    return set_err(errno, "NVME_PASSTHROUGH_CMD: %s", strerror(errno));
#if __FreeBSD_version >= 1200058
  nvme_completion_swapbytes(&pt.cpl);
#endif
  cp_p = &pt.cpl;
  out.result=cp_p->cdw0; // Command specific result (DW0)
 
  if (nvme_completion_is_error(cp_p)) {  /* ignore DNR and More bits */
    return set_nvme_err(out, nvme_completion_is_error(&pt.cpl));
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Implement AMCC/3ware RAID support
 
class freebsd_escalade_device
: public /*implements*/ ata_device,
  public /*extends*/ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_escalade_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name,
    int escalade_type, int disknum);
 
protected:
  virtual bool ata_pass_through(const ata_cmd_in & in, ata_cmd_out & out) override;
  virtual bool open() override;
 
private:
  int m_escalade_type; ///< Type string for escalade_command_interface().
  int m_disknum; ///< Disk number.
};
 
freebsd_escalade_device::freebsd_escalade_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name,
    int escalade_type, int disknum)
: smart_device(intf, dev_name, "3ware", "3ware"),
  freebsd_smart_device(),
  m_escalade_type(escalade_type), m_disknum(disknum)
{
  set_info().info_name = strprintf("%s [3ware_disk_%02d]", dev_name, disknum);
}
 
bool freebsd_escalade_device::open()
{
  const char *dev = get_dev_name();
  int fd;
  
  if ((fd = ::open(dev,O_RDWR))<0) {
    set_err(errno);
    return false;
  }
  set_fd(fd);
  return true;
}
 
bool freebsd_escalade_device::ata_pass_through(const ata_cmd_in & in, ata_cmd_out & out)
{
  // to hold true file descriptor
  int fd = get_fd();
 
  if (!ata_cmd_is_ok(in,
    true, // data_out_support
    false, // TODO: multi_sector_support
    true) // ata_48bit_support
  )
  return false;
 
  struct twe_usercommand* cmd_twe = NULL;
  TW_OSLI_IOCTL_NO_DATA_BUF* cmd_twa = NULL;
  TWE_Command_ATA* ata = NULL;
 
  // Used by both the SCSI and char interfaces
  char ioctl_buffer[TW_IOCTL_BUFFER_SIZE];
 
  if (m_disknum < 0) {
    printwarning(NO_DISK_3WARE,NULL);
    return false;
  }
 
  memset(ioctl_buffer, 0, TW_IOCTL_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
  if (m_escalade_type==CONTROLLER_3WARE_9000_CHAR) {
    cmd_twa = (TW_OSLI_IOCTL_NO_DATA_BUF*)ioctl_buffer;
    cmd_twa->pdata = ((TW_OSLI_IOCTL_WITH_PAYLOAD*)cmd_twa)->payload.data_buf;
    cmd_twa->driver_pkt.buffer_length = in.size;
    // using "old" packet format to speak with SATA devices
    ata = (TWE_Command_ATA*)&cmd_twa->cmd_pkt.command.cmd_pkt_7k;
  } else if (m_escalade_type==CONTROLLER_3WARE_678K_CHAR) {
    cmd_twe = (struct twe_usercommand*)ioctl_buffer;
    ata = &cmd_twe->tu_command.ata;
  } else {
    return set_err(ENOSYS,
      "Unrecognized escalade_type %d in linux_3ware_command_interface(disk %d)\n"
      "Please contact " PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "\n", (int)m_escalade_type, m_disknum);
  }
 
  ata->opcode = TWE_OP_ATA_PASSTHROUGH;
 
  // Same for (almost) all commands - but some reset below
  ata->request_id    = 0xFF;
  ata->unit          = m_disknum;
  ata->status        = 0;
  ata->flags         = 0x1;
  ata->size         = 0x5; // TODO: multisector support
  // Set registers
  {
    const ata_in_regs_48bit & r = in.in_regs;
    ata->features     = r.features_16;
    ata->sector_count = r.sector_count_16;
    ata->sector_num   = r.lba_low_16;
    ata->cylinder_lo  = r.lba_mid_16;
    ata->cylinder_hi  = r.lba_high_16;
    ata->drive_head   = r.device;
    ata->command      = r.command;
  }
 
  // Is this a command that reads or returns 512 bytes?
  // passthru->param values are:
  // 0x0 - non data command without TFR write check,
  // 0x8 - non data command with TFR write check,
  // 0xD - data command that returns data to host from device
  // 0xF - data command that writes data from host to device
  // passthru->size values are 0x5 for non-data and 0x07 for data
  bool readdata = false;
  if (in.direction == ata_cmd_in::data_in) {
    if (m_escalade_type==CONTROLLER_3WARE_678K_CHAR) {
      cmd_twe->tu_data = in.buffer;
      cmd_twe->tu_size = 512;
    }
 
    readdata=true;
    ata->sgl_offset   = 0x5;
    ata->param        = 0xD;
    // For 64-bit to work correctly, up the size of the command packet
    // in dwords by 1 to account for the 64-bit single sgl 'address'
    // field. Note that this doesn't agree with the typedefs but it's
    // right (agree with kernel driver behavior/typedefs).
    // if (sizeof(long)==8)
    //  ata->size++;
  }
  else if (in.direction == ata_cmd_in::no_data) {
    // Non data command -- but doesn't use large sector 
    // count register values.
    ata->sgl_offset   = 0x0;
    ata->param        = 0x8;
    ata->sector_count = 0x0;
  }
  else if (in.direction == ata_cmd_in::data_out) {
    ata->sgl_offset   = 0x5;
    ata->param        = 0xF; // PIO data write
    if (m_escalade_type==CONTROLLER_3WARE_678K_CHAR) {
      cmd_twe->tu_data = in.buffer;
      cmd_twe->tu_size = 512;
    }
    else if (m_escalade_type==CONTROLLER_3WARE_9000_CHAR) {
       memcpy(cmd_twa->pdata, in.buffer, in.size);
    }
  }
  else
    return set_err(EINVAL);
 
  // 3WARE controller can NOT have packet device internally
  if (in.in_regs.command == ATA_IDENTIFY_PACKET_DEVICE) {
    return set_err(ENODEV, "No drive on port %d", m_disknum);
  }
 
  // Now send the command down through an ioctl()
  int ioctlreturn;
  if (m_escalade_type==CONTROLLER_3WARE_9000_CHAR) {
    ioctlreturn=ioctl(fd,TW_OSL_IOCTL_FIRMWARE_PASS_THROUGH,cmd_twa);
  } else {
    ioctlreturn=ioctl(fd,TWEIO_COMMAND,cmd_twe);
  }
 
  // Deal with the different error cases
  if (ioctlreturn) {
    return set_err(EIO);
  }
 
  // See if the ATA command failed.  Now that we have returned from
  // the ioctl() call, if passthru is valid, then:
  // - ata->status contains the 3ware controller STATUS
  // - ata->command contains the ATA STATUS register
  // - ata->features contains the ATA ERROR register
  //
  // Check bits 0 (error bit) and 5 (device fault) of the ATA STATUS
  // If bit 0 (error bit) is set, then ATA ERROR register is valid.
  // While we *might* decode the ATA ERROR register, at the moment it
  // doesn't make much sense: we don't care in detail why the error
  // happened.
 
  if (ata->status || (ata->command & 0x21)) {
    if (scsi_debugmode)
      pout("Command failed, ata.status=(0x%2.2x), ata.command=(0x%2.2x), ata.flags=(0x%2.2x)\n",ata->status,ata->command,ata->flags);
    return set_err(EIO);
  }
 
  // If this is a read data command, copy data to output buffer
  if (readdata) {
    if (m_escalade_type==CONTROLLER_3WARE_9000_CHAR)
      memcpy(in.buffer, cmd_twa->pdata, in.size);
    else if(m_escalade_type==CONTROLLER_3WARE_678K_CHAR) {
      memcpy(in.buffer, cmd_twe->tu_data, in.size); // untested
    }
  }
  // Return register values
  if (ata) {
    ata_out_regs_48bit & r = out.out_regs;
    r.error           = ata->features;
    r.sector_count_16 = ata->sector_count;
    r.lba_low_16      = ata->sector_num;
    r.lba_mid_16      = ata->cylinder_lo;
    r.lba_high_16     = ata->cylinder_hi;
    r.device          = ata->drive_head;
    r.status          = ata->command;
  }
  // look for nonexistent devices/ports
  if (in.in_regs.command == ATA_IDENTIFY_DEVICE
  && !nonempty((unsigned char *)in.buffer, in.size)) {
    return set_err(ENODEV, "No drive on port %d", m_disknum);
  }
  return true;
}
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// LSI MegaRAID support
 
class freebsd_megaraid_device
: public /* implements */ scsi_device,
  public /* extends */ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_megaraid_device(smart_interface *intf, const char *name,
    unsigned int tgt);
 
  virtual ~freebsd_megaraid_device();
 
  virtual smart_device * autodetect_open() override;
 
  virtual bool open() override;
  virtual bool close() override;
 
  virtual bool scsi_pass_through(scsi_cmnd_io *iop) override;
 
private:
  unsigned int m_disknum;
  unsigned int m_hba;
  int m_fd;
 
  bool (freebsd_megaraid_device::*pt_cmd)(int cdblen, void *cdb, int dataLen, void *data,
    int senseLen, void *sense, int report, int direction, int timeout);
  bool megasas_cmd(int cdbLen, void *cdb, int dataLen, void *data,
    int senseLen, void *sense, int report, int direction, int timeout);
};
 
freebsd_megaraid_device::freebsd_megaraid_device(smart_interface *intf,
  const char *dev_name, unsigned int tgt)
 : smart_device(intf, dev_name, "megaraid", "megaraid"),
   freebsd_smart_device(),
   m_disknum(tgt), m_hba(0),
   m_fd(-1), pt_cmd(0)
{
  set_info().info_name = strprintf("%s [megaraid_disk_%02d]", dev_name, m_disknum);
  set_info().dev_type = strprintf("megaraid,%d", tgt);
}
 
freebsd_megaraid_device::~freebsd_megaraid_device()
{
  if (m_fd >= 0)
    ::close(m_fd);
}
 
smart_device * freebsd_megaraid_device::autodetect_open()
{
  int report = scsi_debugmode;
 
  // Open device
  if (!open())
    return this;
 
  // The code below is based on smartd.cpp:SCSIFilterKnown()
  if (strcmp(get_req_type(), "megaraid"))
    return this;
 
  // Get INQUIRY
  unsigned char req_buff[64] = {0, };
  int req_len = 36;
  if (scsiStdInquiry(this, req_buff, req_len)) {
      close();
      set_err(EIO, "INQUIRY failed");
      return this;
  }
 
  int avail_len = req_buff[4] + 5;
  int len = (avail_len < req_len ? avail_len : req_len);
  if (len < 36)
      return this;
 
  if (report)
    pout("Got MegaRAID inquiry.. %s\n", req_buff+8);
 
  // Use INQUIRY to detect type
  {
    // SAT?
    ata_device * newdev = smi()->autodetect_sat_device(this, req_buff, len);
    if (newdev) // NOTE: 'this' is now owned by '*newdev'
      return newdev;
  }
 
  // Nothing special found
  return this;
}
 
bool freebsd_megaraid_device::open()
{
  /* Open Device IOCTL node */
  if ((m_fd = ::open(get_dev_name(), O_RDWR)) >= 0) {
    pt_cmd = &freebsd_megaraid_device::megasas_cmd;
  }
  else {
    int err = errno;
    freebsd_smart_device::close();
    return set_err(err, "cannot open %s",get_dev_name());
  }
  set_fd(m_fd);
  return true;
}
 
bool freebsd_megaraid_device::close()
{
  if (m_fd >= 0)
    ::close(m_fd);
  m_fd = -1; m_hba = 0; pt_cmd = 0;
  set_fd(m_fd);
  return true;
}
 
bool freebsd_megaraid_device::scsi_pass_through(scsi_cmnd_io *iop)
{
  int report = scsi_debugmode;
 
  if (report > 0) {
        int k, j;
        const unsigned char * ucp = iop->cmnd;
        const char * np;
        char buff[256];
        const int sz = (int)sizeof(buff);
 
        np = scsi_get_opcode_name(ucp);
        j = snprintf(buff, sz, " [%s: ", np ? np : "<unknown opcode>");
        for (k = 0; k < (int)iop->cmnd_len; ++k)
            j += snprintf(&buff[j], (sz > j ? (sz - j) : 0), "%02x ", ucp[k]);
        if ((report > 1) &&
            (DXFER_TO_DEVICE == iop->dxfer_dir) && (iop->dxferp)) {
            int trunc = (iop->dxfer_len > 256) ? 1 : 0;
 
            snprintf(&buff[j], (sz > j ? (sz - j) : 0), "]\n  Outgoing "
                     "data, len=%d%s:\n", (int)iop->dxfer_len,
                     (trunc ? " [only first 256 bytes shown]" : ""));
            dStrHex(iop->dxferp, (trunc ? 256 : iop->dxfer_len) , 1);
        }
        else
            snprintf(&buff[j], (sz > j ? (sz - j) : 0), "]\n");
        pout("%s", buff);
  }
 
  // Controller rejects Test Unit Ready
  if (iop->cmnd[0] == 0x00)
    return true;
 
  if (iop->cmnd[0] == SAT_ATA_PASSTHROUGH_12 || iop->cmnd[0] == SAT_ATA_PASSTHROUGH_16) {
    // Controller does not return ATA output registers in SAT sense data
    if (iop->cmnd[2] & (1 << 5)) // chk_cond
      return set_err(ENOSYS, "ATA return descriptor not supported by controller firmware");
  }
  // SMART WRITE LOG SECTOR causing media errors
  if ((iop->cmnd[0] == SAT_ATA_PASSTHROUGH_16 // SAT16 WRITE LOG
      && iop->cmnd[14] == ATA_SMART_CMD && iop->cmnd[3]==0 && iop->cmnd[4] == ATA_SMART_WRITE_LOG_SECTOR) ||
      (iop->cmnd[0] == SAT_ATA_PASSTHROUGH_12 // SAT12 WRITE LOG
       && iop->cmnd[9] == ATA_SMART_CMD && iop->cmnd[3] == ATA_SMART_WRITE_LOG_SECTOR))
  {
    if(!failuretest_permissive)
       return set_err(ENOSYS, "SMART WRITE LOG SECTOR may cause problems, try with -T permissive to force");
  }
  if (pt_cmd == NULL)
    return false;
  return (this->*pt_cmd)(iop->cmnd_len, iop->cmnd,
    iop->dxfer_len, iop->dxferp,
    iop->max_sense_len, iop->sensep, report, iop->dxfer_dir, iop->timeout);
}
 
bool freebsd_megaraid_device::megasas_cmd(int cdbLen, void *cdb,
  int dataLen, void *data,
  int senseLen, void * sense, int /*report*/, int dxfer_dir, int timeout)
{
  struct mfi_pass_frame * pthru;
  struct mfi_ioc_packet uio;
 
  pthru = (struct mfi_pass_frame *)&uio.mfi_frame.raw;
  memset(&uio, 0, sizeof(uio));
 
  pthru->header.cmd = MFI_CMD_PD_SCSI_IO;
  pthru->header.cmd_status = 0;
  pthru->header.scsi_status = 0x0;
  pthru->header.target_id = m_disknum;
  pthru->header.lun_id = 0; // FIXME, should be bus number?
 
  pthru->header.sense_len = senseLen;
  pthru->sense_addr_lo = (uintptr_t)sense ;
  pthru->sense_addr_hi = (uintptr_t)((uint64_t)sense >> 32);
 
  pthru->header.cdb_len = cdbLen;
  pthru->header.timeout = timeout;
  switch (dxfer_dir) {
    case DXFER_FROM_DEVICE:
      pthru->header.flags =  MFI_FRAME_DIR_READ;
      break;
    case DXFER_TO_DEVICE:
      pthru->header.flags =  MFI_FRAME_DIR_WRITE;
      break;
    case DXFER_NONE:
      pthru->header.flags =  MFI_FRAME_DIR_NONE;
      break;
  }
 
  if (dataLen > 0) {
    uio.mfi_sge_count = 1;
    uio.mfi_sgl_off = offsetof(struct mfi_pass_frame,sgl);
    uio.mfi_sgl[0].iov_base = data;
    uio.mfi_sgl[0].iov_len = dataLen;
 
    pthru->header.sg_count = 1;
    pthru->header.data_len = dataLen;
    // tested on amd64 kernel in native and 32bit mode
    pthru->sgl.sg64[0].addr = (intptr_t)data;
    pthru->sgl.sg64[0].len = (uint32_t)dataLen;
  }
  memcpy(pthru->cdb, cdb, cdbLen);
 
  uio.mfi_adapter_no = m_hba;
  uio.mfi_sense_len = senseLen;
  uio.mfi_sense_off = offsetof(struct mfi_pass_frame, sense_addr_lo);
 
  errno = 0;
  int rc = ioctl(m_fd, MFI_CMD, &uio);
 
  if (pthru->header.cmd_status || rc != 0) {
    if (pthru->header.cmd_status == 12) {
      return set_err(EIO, "megasas_cmd: Device %d does not exist\n", m_disknum);
    }
    return set_err((errno ? errno : EIO), "megasas_cmd result: %d.%d = %d/%d",
                   m_hba, m_disknum, errno,
                   pthru->header.cmd_status);
  }
  return true;
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Implement Highpoint RAID support with old functions
 
class freebsd_highpoint_device
: public /*implements*/ ata_device_with_command_set,
  public /*extends*/ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_highpoint_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name,
    unsigned char controller, unsigned char channel, unsigned char port);
 
protected:
  virtual int ata_command_interface(smart_command_set command, int select, char * data) override;
  virtual bool open() override;
 
private:
  unsigned char m_hpt_data[3]; ///< controller/channel/port
};
 
 
freebsd_highpoint_device::freebsd_highpoint_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name,
  unsigned char controller, unsigned char channel, unsigned char port)
: smart_device(intf, dev_name, "hpt", "hpt"),
  freebsd_smart_device()
{
  m_hpt_data[0] = controller; m_hpt_data[1] = channel; m_hpt_data[2] = port;
  set_info().info_name = strprintf("%s [hpt_disk_%u/%u/%u]", dev_name, m_hpt_data[0], m_hpt_data[1], m_hpt_data[2]);
}
 
bool freebsd_highpoint_device::open()
{
  const char *dev = get_dev_name();
  int fd;
  
  if ((fd = ::open(dev,O_RDWR))<0) {
    set_err(errno);
    return false;
  }
  set_fd(fd);
  return true;
}
 
int freebsd_highpoint_device::ata_command_interface(smart_command_set command, int select, char * data)
{
  int fd=get_fd(); 
  int ids[2];
  HPT_IOCTL_PARAM param;
  HPT_CHANNEL_INFO_V2 info;
  unsigned char* buff[512 + 2 * sizeof(HPT_PASS_THROUGH_HEADER)];
  PHPT_PASS_THROUGH_HEADER pide_pt_hdr, pide_pt_hdr_out;
 
  // get internal deviceid
  ids[0] = m_hpt_data[0] - 1;
  ids[1] = m_hpt_data[1] - 1;
 
  memset(&param, 0, sizeof(HPT_IOCTL_PARAM));
 
  param.magic = HPT_IOCTL_MAGIC;
  param.ctrl_code = HPT_IOCTL_GET_CHANNEL_INFO_V2;
  param.in = (unsigned char *)ids;
  param.in_size = sizeof(unsigned int) * 2;
  param.out = (unsigned char *)&info;
  param.out_size = sizeof(HPT_CHANNEL_INFO_V2);
 
  if (m_hpt_data[2]==1) {
    param.ctrl_code = HPT_IOCTL_GET_CHANNEL_INFO;
    param.out_size = sizeof(HPT_CHANNEL_INFO);
  }
  if (ioctl(fd, HPT_DO_IOCONTROL, &param)!=0 ||
      info.devices[m_hpt_data[2]-1]==0) {
    return -1;
  }
 
  // perform smart action
  memset(buff, 0, sizeof(buff));
  pide_pt_hdr = (PHPT_PASS_THROUGH_HEADER)buff;
 
  pide_pt_hdr->lbamid = 0x4f;
  pide_pt_hdr->lbahigh = 0xc2;
  pide_pt_hdr->command = ATA_SMART_CMD;
  pide_pt_hdr->id = info.devices[m_hpt_data[2] - 1];
 
  switch (command){
  case READ_VALUES:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_READ_VALUES;
    pide_pt_hdr->protocol=HPT_READ;
    break;
  case READ_THRESHOLDS:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_READ_THRESHOLDS;
    pide_pt_hdr->protocol=HPT_READ;
    break;
  case READ_LOG:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_READ_LOG_SECTOR;
    pide_pt_hdr->lbalow=select;
    pide_pt_hdr->protocol=HPT_READ;
    break;
  case IDENTIFY:
    pide_pt_hdr->command=ATA_IDENTIFY_DEVICE;
    pide_pt_hdr->protocol=HPT_READ;
    break;
  case ENABLE:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_ENABLE;
    break;
  case DISABLE:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_DISABLE;
    break;
  case AUTO_OFFLINE:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_AUTO_OFFLINE;
    pide_pt_hdr->sectorcount=select;
    break;
  case AUTOSAVE:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_AUTOSAVE;
    pide_pt_hdr->sectorcount=select;
    break;
  case IMMEDIATE_OFFLINE:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_IMMEDIATE_OFFLINE;
    pide_pt_hdr->lbalow=select;
    break;
  case STATUS_CHECK:
  case STATUS:
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_STATUS;
    break;
  case CHECK_POWER_MODE:
    pide_pt_hdr->command=ATA_CHECK_POWER_MODE;
    break;
  case WRITE_LOG:
    memcpy(buff+sizeof(HPT_PASS_THROUGH_HEADER), data, 512);
    pide_pt_hdr->feature=ATA_SMART_WRITE_LOG_SECTOR;
    pide_pt_hdr->lbalow=select;
    pide_pt_hdr->protocol=HPT_WRITE;
    break;
  default:
    pout("Unrecognized command %d in highpoint_command_interface()\n"
         "Please contact " PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "\n", command);
    errno=ENOSYS;
    return -1;
  }
  if (pide_pt_hdr->protocol!=0) {
    pide_pt_hdr->sectors = 1;
    pide_pt_hdr->sectorcount = 1;
  }
 
  memset(&param, 0, sizeof(HPT_IOCTL_PARAM));
 
  param.magic = HPT_IOCTL_MAGIC;
  param.ctrl_code = HPT_IOCTL_IDE_PASS_THROUGH;
  param.in = (unsigned char *)buff;
  param.in_size = sizeof(HPT_PASS_THROUGH_HEADER) + (pide_pt_hdr->protocol==HPT_READ ? 0 : pide_pt_hdr->sectors * 512);
  param.out = (unsigned char *)buff+param.in_size;
  param.out_size = sizeof(HPT_PASS_THROUGH_HEADER) + (pide_pt_hdr->protocol==HPT_READ ? pide_pt_hdr->sectors * 512 : 0);
 
  pide_pt_hdr_out = (PHPT_PASS_THROUGH_HEADER)param.out;
 
  if ((ioctl(fd, HPT_DO_IOCONTROL, &param)!=0) ||
      (pide_pt_hdr_out->command & 1)) {
    return -1;
  }
 
  if (command==STATUS_CHECK)
  {
    unsigned const char normal_lo=0x4f, normal_hi=0xc2;
    unsigned const char failed_lo=0xf4, failed_hi=0x2c;
    unsigned char low,high;
 
    high = pide_pt_hdr_out->lbahigh;
    low = pide_pt_hdr_out->lbamid;
 
    // Cyl low and Cyl high unchanged means "Good SMART status"
    if (low==normal_lo && high==normal_hi)
      return 0;
 
    // These values mean "Bad SMART status"
    if (low==failed_lo && high==failed_hi)
      return 1;
 
    // We haven't gotten output that makes sense; print out some debugging info
    char buf[512];
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
            "CMD=0x%02x\nFR =0x%02x\nNS =0x%02x\nSC =0x%02x\nCL =0x%02x\nCH =0x%02x\nRETURN =0x%04x\n",
            (int)pide_pt_hdr_out->command,
            (int)pide_pt_hdr_out->feature,
            (int)pide_pt_hdr_out->sectorcount,
            (int)pide_pt_hdr_out->lbalow,
            (int)pide_pt_hdr_out->lbamid,
            (int)pide_pt_hdr_out->lbahigh,
            (int)pide_pt_hdr_out->sectors);
    printwarning(BAD_SMART,buf);
  }
  else if (command==CHECK_POWER_MODE)
    data[0] = pide_pt_hdr_out->sectorcount & 0xff;
  else if (pide_pt_hdr->protocol==HPT_READ)
    memcpy(data, (unsigned char *)buff + 2 * sizeof(HPT_PASS_THROUGH_HEADER), 
      pide_pt_hdr->sectors * 512);
  return 0;
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Standard SCSI support
 
class freebsd_scsi_device
: public /*implements*/ scsi_device,
  public /*extends*/ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_scsi_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name, const char * req_type);
 
  virtual smart_device * autodetect_open() override;
 
  virtual bool scsi_pass_through(scsi_cmnd_io * iop) override;
  
  virtual bool open() override;
 
  virtual bool close() override;
  
private:
  struct cam_device *m_camdev;
};
 
bool freebsd_scsi_device::open(){
  const char *dev = get_dev_name();
  
  if ((m_camdev = cam_open_device(dev, O_RDWR)) == NULL) {
    set_err(errno);
    return false;
  }
  set_fd(m_camdev->fd);
  return true;
}
 
bool freebsd_scsi_device::close(){
  cam_close_device(m_camdev);
  set_fd(-1);
  return true;
}
 
freebsd_scsi_device::freebsd_scsi_device(smart_interface * intf,
  const char * dev_name, const char * req_type)
: smart_device(intf, dev_name, "scsi", req_type),
  freebsd_smart_device(),
  m_camdev(0)
{
}
 
 
bool freebsd_scsi_device::scsi_pass_through(scsi_cmnd_io * iop)
{
  union ccb *ccb;
 
  if (scsi_debugmode) {
    unsigned int k;
    const unsigned char * ucp = iop->cmnd;
    const char * np;
 
    np = scsi_get_opcode_name(ucp);
    pout(" [%s: ", np ? np : "<unknown opcode>");
    for (k = 0; k < iop->cmnd_len; ++k)
      pout("%02x ", ucp[k]);
    if ((scsi_debugmode > 1) && 
      (DXFER_TO_DEVICE == iop->dxfer_dir) && (iop->dxferp)) {
    int trunc = (iop->dxfer_len > 256) ? 1 : 0;
 
    pout("]\n  Outgoing data, len=%d%s:\n", (int)iop->dxfer_len,
      (trunc ? " [only first 256 bytes shown]" : ""));
    dStrHex(iop->dxferp, (trunc ? 256 : iop->dxfer_len) , 1);
      }
      else
        pout("]\n");
  }
 
  if(m_camdev==NULL) {
    if (scsi_debugmode)
      pout("  error: camdev=0!\n");
    return set_err(ENOTTY);
  }
 
  if (!(ccb = cam_getccb(m_camdev))) {
    if (scsi_debugmode)
      pout("  error allocating ccb\n");
    return set_err(ENOMEM);
  }
 
  // mfi SAT layer is known to be buggy
  if(!strcmp("mfi",m_camdev->sim_name)) {
    if (iop->cmnd[0] == SAT_ATA_PASSTHROUGH_12 || iop->cmnd[0] == SAT_ATA_PASSTHROUGH_16) { 
      // Controller does not return ATA output registers in SAT sense data
      if (iop->cmnd[2] & (1 << 5)) // chk_cond
        return set_err(ENOSYS, "ATA return descriptor not supported by controller firmware");
    }
    // SMART WRITE LOG SECTOR causing media errors
    if ((iop->cmnd[0] == SAT_ATA_PASSTHROUGH_16
        && iop->cmnd[14] == ATA_SMART_CMD  && iop->cmnd[3]==0 &&
        iop->cmnd[4] == ATA_SMART_WRITE_LOG_SECTOR) ||
        (iop->cmnd[0] == SAT_ATA_PASSTHROUGH_12
        && iop->cmnd[9] == ATA_SMART_CMD && iop->cmnd[3] == ATA_SMART_WRITE_LOG_SECTOR))
    {
      if(!failuretest_permissive)
        return set_err(ENOSYS, "SMART WRITE LOG SECTOR may cause problems, try with -T permissive to force"); 
    }
  }
  // clear out structure, except for header that was filled in for us
  memset(&(&ccb->ccb_h)[1], 0, sizeof(struct ccb_scsiio) - sizeof(struct ccb_hdr));
 
  cam_fill_csio(&ccb->csio,
    /* retries */ 1,
    /* cbfcnp */ NULL,
    /* flags */ (iop->dxfer_dir == DXFER_NONE ? CAM_DIR_NONE :(iop->dxfer_dir == DXFER_FROM_DEVICE ? CAM_DIR_IN : CAM_DIR_OUT)),
    /* tagaction */ MSG_SIMPLE_Q_TAG,
    /* dataptr */ iop->dxferp,
    /* datalen */ iop->dxfer_len,
    /* senselen */ iop->max_sense_len,
    /* cdblen */ iop->cmnd_len,
    /* timeout (converted to seconds) */ iop->timeout*1000);
  memcpy(ccb->csio.cdb_io.cdb_bytes,iop->cmnd,iop->cmnd_len);
 
  if (cam_send_ccb(m_camdev,ccb) < 0) {
    if (scsi_debugmode) {
      pout("  error sending SCSI ccb\n");
      cam_error_print(m_camdev,ccb,CAM_ESF_ALL,CAM_EPF_ALL,stderr);
    }
    cam_freeccb(ccb);
    return set_err(EIO);
  }
 
  if (scsi_debugmode) {
    pout("  CAM status=0x%x, SCSI status=0x%x, resid=0x%x\n",
         ccb->ccb_h.status, ccb->csio.scsi_status, ccb->csio.resid);
    if ((scsi_debugmode > 1) && (DXFER_FROM_DEVICE == iop->dxfer_dir)) {
      int trunc, len;
 
      len = iop->dxfer_len - ccb->csio.resid;
      trunc = (len > 256) ? 1 : 0;
      if (len > 0) {
        pout("  Incoming data, len=%d%s:\n", len,
             (trunc ? " [only first 256 bytes shown]" : ""));
        dStrHex(iop->dxferp, (trunc ? 256 : len), 1);
      }
      else
        pout("  Incoming data trimmed to nothing by resid\n");
    }
  }
 
  if (((ccb->ccb_h.status & CAM_STATUS_MASK) != CAM_REQ_CMP) && ((ccb->ccb_h.status & CAM_STATUS_MASK) != CAM_SCSI_STATUS_ERROR)) {
    if (scsi_debugmode)
      cam_error_print(m_camdev,ccb,CAM_ESF_ALL,CAM_EPF_ALL,stderr);
    cam_freeccb(ccb);
    return set_err(EIO);
  }
 
  iop->resid = ccb->csio.resid;
  iop->scsi_status = ccb->csio.scsi_status;
  if (iop->sensep && (ccb->ccb_h.status & CAM_AUTOSNS_VALID) != 0) {
    if (scsi_debugmode)
      pout("  sense_len=0x%x, sense_resid=0x%x\n",
           ccb->csio.sense_len, ccb->csio.sense_resid);
    iop->resp_sense_len = ccb->csio.sense_len - ccb->csio.sense_resid;
    /* Some SCSI controller device drivers miscalculate the sense_resid
       field so cap resp_sense_len on max_sense_len. */
    if (iop->resp_sense_len > iop->max_sense_len)
      iop->resp_sense_len = iop->max_sense_len;
    if (iop->resp_sense_len > 0) {
      memcpy(iop->sensep, &(ccb->csio.sense_data), iop->resp_sense_len);
      if (scsi_debugmode) {
        if (scsi_debugmode > 1) {
          pout("  >>> Sense buffer, len=%zu:\n", iop->resp_sense_len);
          dStrHex(iop->sensep, iop->resp_sense_len, 1);
        }
        if ((iop->sensep[0] & 0x7f) > 0x71)
          pout("  status=0x%x: [desc] sense_key=0x%x asc=0x%x ascq=0x%x\n",
               iop->scsi_status, iop->sensep[1] & 0xf,
               iop->sensep[2], iop->sensep[3]);
        else
          pout("  status=0x%x: sense_key=0x%x asc=0x%x ascq=0x%x\n",
               iop->scsi_status, iop->sensep[2] & 0xf,
               iop->sensep[12], iop->sensep[13]);
      }
    }
    else if (scsi_debugmode)
      pout("  status=0x%x\n", iop->scsi_status);
  }
  else if (scsi_debugmode)
    pout("  status=0x%x\n", iop->scsi_status);
 
  cam_freeccb(ccb);
 
  // mfip replacing PDT of the device so response does not make a sense
  // this sets PDT to 00h - direct-access block device
  if((!strcmp("mfi", m_camdev->sim_name) || !strcmp("mpt", m_camdev->sim_name))
   && iop->cmnd[0] == INQUIRY) {
     if (scsi_debugmode) {
        pout("  device on %s controller, patching PDT\n", m_camdev->sim_name);
     }
     iop->dxferp[0] = iop->dxferp[0] & 0xe0;
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Areca RAID support
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// SATA(ATA) device behind Areca RAID Controller
class freebsd_areca_ata_device
: public /*implements*/ areca_ata_device,
  public /*extends*/ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_areca_ata_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name, int disknum, int encnum = 1);
  virtual smart_device * autodetect_open() override;
  virtual bool arcmsr_lock() override;
  virtual bool arcmsr_unlock() override;
  virtual int arcmsr_do_scsi_io(struct scsi_cmnd_io * iop) override;
};
 
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// SAS(SCSI) device behind Areca RAID Controller
class freebsd_areca_scsi_device
: public /*implements*/ areca_scsi_device,
  public /*extends*/ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_areca_scsi_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name, int disknum, int encnum = 1);
  virtual smart_device * autodetect_open() override;
  virtual bool arcmsr_lock() override;
  virtual bool arcmsr_unlock() override;
  virtual int arcmsr_do_scsi_io(struct scsi_cmnd_io * iop) override;
};
 
 
// Areca RAID Controller(SATA Disk)
freebsd_areca_ata_device::freebsd_areca_ata_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name, int disknum, int encnum)
: smart_device(intf, dev_name, "areca", "areca"),
  freebsd_smart_device()
{
  set_disknum(disknum);
  set_encnum(encnum);
  set_info().info_name = strprintf("%s [areca_disk#%02d_enc#%02d]", dev_name, disknum, encnum);
}
 
 
smart_device * freebsd_areca_ata_device::autodetect_open()
{
  // autodetect device type
  int is_ata = arcmsr_get_dev_type();
  if(is_ata < 0)
  {
    set_err(EIO);
    return this;
  }
 
  if(is_ata == 1)
  {
    // SATA device
    return this;
  }
 
  // SAS device
  smart_device_auto_ptr newdev(new freebsd_areca_scsi_device(smi(), get_dev_name(), get_disknum(), get_encnum()));
  close();
  delete this;
  newdev->open();       // TODO: Can possibly pass open fd
 
  return newdev.release();
}
 
int freebsd_areca_ata_device::arcmsr_do_scsi_io(struct scsi_cmnd_io * iop)
{
  int ioctlreturn = 0;
 
  if(!is_open()) {
      if(!open()){
      }
  }
 
  ioctlreturn = ioctl(get_fd(), ((sSRB_BUFFER *)(iop->dxferp))->srbioctl.ControlCode, iop->dxferp);
  if (ioctlreturn)
  {
    // errors found
    return -1;
  }
  return 0;
}
 
bool freebsd_areca_ata_device::arcmsr_lock()
{
  return true;
}
 
 
bool freebsd_areca_ata_device::arcmsr_unlock()
{
  return true;
}
 
 
// Areca RAID Controller(SAS Device)
freebsd_areca_scsi_device::freebsd_areca_scsi_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name, int disknum, int encnum)
: smart_device(intf, dev_name, "areca", "areca"),
  freebsd_smart_device()
{
  set_disknum(disknum);
  set_encnum(encnum);
  set_info().info_name = strprintf("%s [areca_disk#%02d_enc#%02d]", dev_name, disknum, encnum);
}
 
smart_device * freebsd_areca_scsi_device::autodetect_open()
{
  return this;
}
 
int freebsd_areca_scsi_device::arcmsr_do_scsi_io(struct scsi_cmnd_io * iop)
{
  int ioctlreturn = 0;
 
  if(!is_open()) {
      if(!open()){
      }
  }
  ioctlreturn = ioctl(get_fd(), ((sSRB_BUFFER *)(iop->dxferp))->srbioctl.ControlCode, iop->dxferp);
  if (ioctlreturn)
  {
    // errors found
    return -1;
  }
 
  return 0;
}
 
bool freebsd_areca_scsi_device::arcmsr_lock()
{
  return true;
}
 
 
bool freebsd_areca_scsi_device::arcmsr_unlock()
{
  return true;
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Implement CCISS RAID support with old functions
 
class freebsd_cciss_device
: public /*implements*/ scsi_device,
  public /*extends*/ freebsd_smart_device
{
public:
  freebsd_cciss_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * name, unsigned char disknum);
 
  virtual bool scsi_pass_through(scsi_cmnd_io * iop) override;
  virtual bool open() override;
 
private:
  unsigned char m_disknum; ///< Disk number.
};
 
bool freebsd_cciss_device::open()
{
  const char *dev = get_dev_name();
  int fd;
  if ((fd = ::open(dev,O_RDWR))<0) {
    set_err(errno);
    return false;
  }
  set_fd(fd);
  return true;
}
 
freebsd_cciss_device::freebsd_cciss_device(smart_interface * intf,
  const char * dev_name, unsigned char disknum)
: smart_device(intf, dev_name, "cciss", "cciss"),
  freebsd_smart_device(),
  m_disknum(disknum)
{
  set_info().info_name = strprintf("%s [cciss_disk_%02d]", dev_name, disknum);
}
 
bool freebsd_cciss_device::scsi_pass_through(scsi_cmnd_io * iop)
{
  int status = cciss_io_interface(get_fd(), m_disknum, iop, scsi_debugmode);
  if (status < 0)
      return set_err(-status);
  return true;
  // not reached
  return true;
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// SCSI open with autodetection support
 
smart_device * freebsd_scsi_device::autodetect_open()
{
  // Open device
  if (!open())
    return this;
 
  // No Autodetection if device type was specified by user
  if (*get_req_type())
    return this;
 
  // The code below is based on smartd.cpp:SCSIFilterKnown()
 
  // Get INQUIRY
  unsigned char req_buff[64] = {0, };
  int req_len = 36;
  if (scsiStdInquiry(this, req_buff, req_len)) {
    // Marvell controllers fail on a 36 bytes StdInquiry, but 64 suffices
    // watch this spot ... other devices could lock up here
    req_len = 64;
    if (scsiStdInquiry(this, req_buff, req_len)) {
      // device doesn't like INQUIRY commands
      close();
      set_err(EIO, "INQUIRY failed");
      return this;
    }
  }
 
  int avail_len = req_buff[4] + 5;
  int len = (avail_len < req_len ? avail_len : req_len);
  if (len < 36)
    return this;
 
  // Use INQUIRY to detect type
 
  // 3ware ?
  if (!memcmp(req_buff + 8, "3ware", 5) || !memcmp(req_buff + 8, "AMCC", 4) ||
      !strcmp("tws",m_camdev->sim_name) || !strcmp("twa",m_camdev->sim_name)) {
    close();
    set_err(EINVAL, "3ware/LSI controller, please try adding '-d 3ware,N',\n"
                    "you may need to replace %s with /dev/twaN, /dev/tweN or /dev/twsN", get_dev_name());
    return this;
  }
 
  // DELL?
  if (!memcmp(req_buff + 8, "DELL    PERC", 12) || !memcmp(req_buff + 8, "MegaRAID", 8)
      || !memcmp(req_buff + 16, "PERC ", 5) || !memcmp(req_buff + 8, "LSI\0",4)
  ) {
    close();
    set_err(EINVAL, "DELL or MegaRaid controller, use '-d megaraid,N'");
    return this;
  }
 
  // SAT or USB, skip MFI controllers because of bugs
  {
    smart_device * newdev = smi()->autodetect_sat_device(this, req_buff, len);
    if (newdev) {
      // NOTE: 'this' is now owned by '*newdev'
      if(!strcmp("mfi",m_camdev->sim_name)) {
        newdev->close();
        newdev->set_err(ENOSYS, "SATA device detected,\n"
          "MegaRAID SAT layer is reportedly buggy, use '-d sat' to try anyhow");
      }
      return newdev;
    }
  }
 
  // Nothing special found
  return this;
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Implement platform interface with old functions.
 
class freebsd_smart_interface
: public /*implements*/ smart_interface
{
public:
  virtual std::string get_os_version_str() override;
 
  virtual std::string get_app_examples(const char * appname) override;
 
  virtual bool scan_smart_devices(smart_device_list & devlist, const char * type,
    const char * pattern = 0) override;
 
protected:
  virtual ata_device * get_ata_device(const char * name, const char * type) override;
 
#if FREEBSDVER > 800100
  virtual ata_device * get_atacam_device(const char * name, const char * type);
#endif
 
  virtual scsi_device * get_scsi_device(const char * name, const char * type) override;
 
  virtual nvme_device * get_nvme_device(const char * name, const char * type,
    unsigned nsid) override;
 
  virtual smart_device * autodetect_smart_device(const char * name) override;
 
  virtual smart_device * get_custom_smart_device(const char * name, const char * type) override;
 
  virtual std::string get_valid_custom_dev_types_str() override;
private:
  bool get_nvme_devlist(smart_device_list & devlist, const char * type);
  bool get_dev_megaraid(smart_device_list & devlist);
  int megaraid_pd_add_list(const char * devname, smart_device_list & devlist);
  int megaraid_dcmd_cmd(const char * devname, uint32_t opcode, void *buf,
    size_t bufsize, uint8_t *mbox, size_t mboxlen, uint8_t *statusp);
};
 
 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
std::string freebsd_smart_interface::get_os_version_str()
{
  struct utsname osname;
  uname(&osname);
  return strprintf("%s %s %s", osname.sysname, osname.release, osname.machine);
}
 
std::string freebsd_smart_interface::get_app_examples(const char * appname)
{
  if (!strcmp(appname, "smartctl"))
    return smartctl_examples;
  return "";
}
 
ata_device * freebsd_smart_interface::get_ata_device(const char * name, const char * type)
{
  return new freebsd_ata_device(this, name, type);
}
 
#if FREEBSDVER > 800100
ata_device * freebsd_smart_interface::get_atacam_device(const char * name, const char * type)
{
  return new freebsd_atacam_device(this, name, type);
}
#endif
 
scsi_device * freebsd_smart_interface::get_scsi_device(const char * name, const char * type)
{
  return new freebsd_scsi_device(this, name, type);
}
 
nvme_device * freebsd_smart_interface::get_nvme_device(const char * name, const char * type,
  unsigned nsid)
{
  return new freebsd_nvme_device(this, name, type, nsid);
}
 
// we are using CAM subsystem XPT enumerator to found all CAM (scsi/usb/ada/...)
// devices on system despite of it's names
//
// If any errors occur, leave errno set as it was returned by the
// system call, and return <0.
//
// arguments: 
// names: resulting array
// show_all - export duplicate device name or not
//
// Return values:
// -1:   error
// >=0: number of discovered devices
 
bool get_dev_names_cam(std::vector<std::string> & names, bool show_all)
{
  int fd;
  if ((fd = open(XPT_DEVICE, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
    if (errno == ENOENT) /* There are no CAM device on this computer */
      return 0;
    int serrno = errno;
    pout("%s control device couldn't opened: %s\n", XPT_DEVICE, strerror(errno));
    errno = serrno;
    return false;
  }
 
  union ccb ccb;
  memset(&ccb, 0, sizeof(union ccb));
 
  ccb.ccb_h.path_id = CAM_XPT_PATH_ID;
  ccb.ccb_h.target_id = CAM_TARGET_WILDCARD;
  ccb.ccb_h.target_lun = CAM_LUN_WILDCARD;
 
  ccb.ccb_h.func_code = XPT_DEV_MATCH;
  int bufsize = sizeof(struct dev_match_result) * MAX_NUM_DEV;
  ccb.cdm.match_buf_len = bufsize;
  // TODO: Use local buffer instead of malloc() if possible
  ccb.cdm.matches = (struct dev_match_result *)malloc(bufsize);
  memset(ccb.cdm.matches, 0, bufsize); // clear ccb.cdm.matches structure
  
  if (ccb.cdm.matches == NULL) {
    close(fd);
    throw std::bad_alloc();
  }
  ccb.cdm.num_matches = 0;
  ccb.cdm.num_patterns = 0;
  ccb.cdm.pattern_buf_len = 0;
 
  /*
   * We do the ioctl multiple times if necessary, in case there are
   * more than MAX_NUM_DEV nodes in the EDT.
   */
  int skip_device = 0, skip_bus = 0, changed = 0; // TODO: bool
  std::string devname;
  do {
    if (ioctl(fd, CAMIOCOMMAND, &ccb) == -1) {
      int serrno = errno;
      pout("error sending CAMIOCOMMAND ioctl: %s\n", strerror(errno));
      free(ccb.cdm.matches);
      close(fd);
      errno = serrno;
      return false;
    }
 
    if ((ccb.ccb_h.status != CAM_REQ_CMP)
      || ((ccb.cdm.status != CAM_DEV_MATCH_LAST)
      && (ccb.cdm.status != CAM_DEV_MATCH_MORE))) {
      pout("got CAM error %#x, CDM error %d\n", ccb.ccb_h.status, ccb.cdm.status);
      free(ccb.cdm.matches);
      close(fd);
      errno = ENXIO;
      return false;
    }
 
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < ccb.cdm.num_matches; i++) {
      struct device_match_result *dev_result;
      struct periph_match_result *periph_result;
 
      if (ccb.cdm.matches[i].type == DEV_MATCH_BUS) {
        struct bus_match_result *bus_result;
 
        bus_result = &ccb.cdm.matches[i].result.bus_result;
 
        if (strcmp(bus_result->dev_name,"xpt") == 0) /* skip XPT bus at all */
        skip_bus = 1;
        else
          skip_bus = 0;
        changed = 1;
      } else if (ccb.cdm.matches[i].type == DEV_MATCH_DEVICE) {
        dev_result = &ccb.cdm.matches[i].result.device_result;
 
        if (dev_result->flags & DEV_RESULT_UNCONFIGURED || skip_bus == 1)
          skip_device = 1;
        else
          skip_device = 0;
 
        // skip ses devices
        if (dev_result->inq_data.device == T_ENCLOSURE)
          skip_device = 1;
        
        //        /* Shall we skip non T_DIRECT devices ? */
        //        if (dev_result->inq_data.device != T_DIRECT)
        //          skip_device = 1;
        changed = 1;
      } else if (ccb.cdm.matches[i].type == DEV_MATCH_PERIPH && 
          (skip_device == 0 || show_all)) { 
        /* One device may be populated as many peripherals (pass0 & da0 for example). 
        * We are searching for best name
        */
        periph_result =  &ccb.cdm.matches[i].result.periph_result;
        /* Prefer non-"pass" names */
        if (devname.empty() || strncmp(periph_result->periph_name, "pass", 4) != 0) {
          devname = strprintf("%s%s%d", _PATH_DEV, periph_result->periph_name, periph_result->unit_number);
            }
        changed = 0;
      };
      if ((changed == 1 || show_all) && !devname.empty()) {
        names.push_back(devname);
        devname.erase();
        changed = 0;
      };
    }
 
  } while ((ccb.ccb_h.status == CAM_REQ_CMP) && (ccb.cdm.status == CAM_DEV_MATCH_MORE));
 
  if (!devname.empty())
    names.push_back(devname);
 
  free(ccb.cdm.matches);
  close(fd);
  return true;
}
 
// we are using ATA subsystem enumerator to found all ATA devices on system
// despite of it's names
//
// If any errors occur, leave errno set as it was returned by the
// system call, and return <0.
 
// Return values:
// -1:   error
// >=0: number of discovered devices
int get_dev_names_ata(char*** names) {
  struct ata_ioc_devices devices;
  int fd=-1,maxchannel,serrno=-1,n=0;
  char **mp = NULL;
 
  *names=NULL;
 
  if ((fd = open(ATA_DEVICE, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
    if (errno == ENOENT) /* There are no ATA device on this computer */
      return 0;
    serrno = errno;
    pout("%s control device can't be opened: %s\n", ATA_DEVICE, strerror(errno));
    n = -1;
    goto end;
  };
 
  if (ioctl(fd, IOCATAGMAXCHANNEL, &maxchannel) < 0) {
    serrno = errno;
    pout("ioctl(IOCATAGMAXCHANNEL) on /dev/ata failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
    n = -1;
    goto end;
  };
 
  // allocate space for up to MAX_NUM_DEV number of ATA devices
  mp =  (char **)calloc(MAX_NUM_DEV, sizeof(char*));
  if (mp == NULL) {
    serrno=errno;
    pout("Out of memory constructing scan device list (on line %d)\n", __LINE__);
    n = -1;
    goto end;
  };
 
  for (devices.channel = 0; devices.channel < maxchannel && n < MAX_NUM_DEV; devices.channel++) {
    int j;
 
    if (ioctl(fd, IOCATADEVICES, &devices) < 0) {
      if (errno == ENXIO)
        continue; /* such channel not exist */
      pout("ioctl(IOCATADEVICES) on %s channel %d failed: %s\n", ATA_DEVICE, devices.channel, strerror(errno));
      n = -1;
      goto end;
    };
    for (j=0;j<=1 && n<MAX_NUM_DEV;j++) {
      if (devices.name[j][0] != '\0') {
        asprintf(mp+n, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, devices.name[j]);
        if (mp[n] == NULL) {
          pout("Out of memory constructing scan ATA device list (on line %d)\n", __LINE__);
          n = -1;
          goto end;
        };
        n++;
      };
    };
  };
  if (n <= 0)
    goto end;
  mp = (char **)reallocf(mp,n*(sizeof (char*))); // shrink to correct size
  if (mp == NULL) {
    serrno=errno;
    pout("Out of memory constructing scan device list (on line %d)\n", __LINE__);
    n = -1;
    goto end;
  };
 
end:
  if (fd>=0)
    close(fd);
  if (n <= 0) {
    free(mp);
    mp = NULL;
  }
 
  *names=mp;
 
  if (serrno>-1)
    errno=serrno;
  return n;
}
 
 
 
bool freebsd_smart_interface::scan_smart_devices(smart_device_list & devlist,
  const char * type, const char * pattern /*= 0*/)
{
  if (pattern) {
    set_err(EINVAL, "DEVICESCAN with pattern not implemented yet");
    return false;
  }
 
#ifdef WITH_NVME_DEVICESCAN // TODO: Remove when NVMe support is no longer EXPERIMENTAL
  bool scan_nvme = !type || !strcmp(type, "nvme");
#else
  bool scan_nvme = type &&  !strcmp(type, "nvme");
#endif
 
  // Make namelists
  char * * atanames = 0; int numata = 0;
  if (!type || !strcmp(type, "ata")) {
    numata = get_dev_names_ata(&atanames);
    if (numata < 0) {
      set_err(ENOMEM);
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  std::vector<std::string> scsinames;
  if (!type || !strcmp(type, "scsi")) { // do not export duplicated names
    if (!get_dev_names_cam(scsinames, false)) {
      set_err(errno);
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  // Add to devlist
  int i;
  if (type==NULL)
    type="";
  for (i = 0; i < numata; i++) {
    ata_device * atadev = get_ata_device(atanames[i], type);
    if (atadev)
      devlist.push_back(atadev);
    free(atanames[i]);
  }
  if(numata) free(atanames);
 
  for (i = 0; i < (int)scsinames.size(); i++) {
    if(!*type) { // try USB autodetection if no type specified
      smart_device * smartdev = autodetect_smart_device(scsinames[i].c_str());
      if(smartdev)
        devlist.push_back(smartdev);
    }
    else {
      scsi_device * scsidev = get_scsi_device(scsinames[i].c_str(), type);
      if (scsidev)
        devlist.push_back(scsidev);
    }
  }
 
  // add devices from LSI MegaRaid controllers
  get_dev_megaraid(devlist);
 
  if (scan_nvme)
    get_nvme_devlist(devlist, type);
  return true;
}
 
bool freebsd_smart_interface::get_nvme_devlist(smart_device_list & devlist,
    const char * type)
{
  char ctrlpath[64];
 
  for (int ctrlr = 0;; ctrlr++) {
    snprintf(ctrlpath, sizeof(ctrlpath), "%s%d", NVME_CTRLR_PREFIX, ctrlr);
    int fd = ::open(ctrlpath, O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0)
       break;
    ::close(fd);
    nvme_device * nvmedev = get_nvme_device(ctrlpath, type, 0);
    if (nvmedev)
        devlist.push_back(nvmedev);
    else
        break;
 }
  return true;
}
 
// getting devices from LSI SAS MegaRaid, if available
bool freebsd_smart_interface::get_dev_megaraid(smart_device_list & devlist)
{
  /* Scanning of disks on MegaRaid device */
  char ctrlpath[64];
 
  // trying to add devices on first 32 buses, same as StorCLI does
  for(unsigned i = 0; i <=32; i++) {
      snprintf(ctrlpath, sizeof(ctrlpath), "%s%u", MFI_CTRLR_PREFIX, i);
      megaraid_pd_add_list(ctrlpath, devlist);
      snprintf(ctrlpath, sizeof(ctrlpath), "%s%u", MRSAS_CTRLR_PREFIX, i);
      megaraid_pd_add_list(ctrlpath, devlist);
  }
  return true;
}
 
int
freebsd_smart_interface::megaraid_dcmd_cmd(const char * devname, uint32_t opcode, void *buf,
  size_t bufsize, uint8_t *mbox, size_t mboxlen, uint8_t *statusp)
{
  struct mfi_ioc_packet ioc;
  struct mfi_dcmd_frame * dcmd;
 
  if ((mbox != NULL && (mboxlen == 0 || mboxlen > MFI_MBOX_SIZE)) ||
    (mbox == NULL && mboxlen != 0))
  {
    errno = EINVAL;
    return (-1);
  }
 
  memset(&ioc, 0, sizeof(ioc));
  dcmd = (struct mfi_dcmd_frame *)&ioc.mfi_frame.raw;
 
  if (mbox)
    memcpy(dcmd->mbox, mbox, mboxlen);
  dcmd->header.cmd = MFI_CMD_DCMD;
  dcmd->header.data_len = bufsize;
  dcmd->opcode = opcode;
 
  if (bufsize > 0) {
    ioc.mfi_sge_count = 1;
    ioc.mfi_sgl_off = offsetof(struct mfi_dcmd_frame,sgl);
    ioc.mfi_sgl[0].iov_base = buf;
    ioc.mfi_sgl[0].iov_len = bufsize;
    dcmd->header.sg_count = 1;
    dcmd->header.data_len = bufsize;
    // tested on amd64 kernel in native and 32bit mode
    dcmd->sgl.sg64[0].addr = (intptr_t)buf;
    dcmd->sgl.sg64[0].len = (uint32_t)bufsize;
  }
 
  int fd;
  if ((fd = ::open(devname, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
    return (errno);
  }
  // We are using MFI_CMD as it seems to be supported by all LSI BSD drivers
  int r = ioctl(fd, MFI_CMD, &ioc);
  ::close(fd);
  if (r < 0) {
    return (r);
  }
 
  if (statusp != NULL)
    *statusp = dcmd->header.cmd_status;
  else if (dcmd->header.cmd_status != MFI_STAT_OK) {
    fprintf(stderr, "command %x returned error status %x\n",
      opcode, dcmd->header.cmd_status);
    errno = EIO;
    return (-1);
  }
  return (0);
}
 
int
freebsd_smart_interface::megaraid_pd_add_list(const char * devname, smart_device_list & devlist)
{
  /*
  * Keep fetching the list in a loop until we have a large enough
  * buffer to hold the entire list.
  */
  mfi_pd_list * list = 0;
  for (unsigned list_size = 1024; ; ) {
    list = reinterpret_cast<mfi_pd_list *>(realloc(list, list_size));
    if (!list)
      throw std::bad_alloc();
    memset(list, 0, list_size);
    if (megaraid_dcmd_cmd(devname, MFI_DCMD_PD_GET_LIST, list, list_size, NULL, 0,
      NULL) < 0)
    {
      free(list);
      return (-1);
    }
    if (list->size <= list_size)
      break;
    list_size = list->size;
  }
 
  // adding all SCSI devices
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < list->count; i++) {
    if(list->addr[i].scsi_dev_type)
      continue; /* non disk device found */
    smart_device * dev = new freebsd_megaraid_device(this, devname, list->addr[i].device_id);
    devlist.push_back(dev);
  }
  free(list);
  return (0);
}
 
#if (FREEBSDVER < 800000) // without this build fail on FreeBSD 8
static char done[USB_MAX_DEVICES];
 
static int usbdevinfo(int f, int a, int rec, int busno, unsigned short & vendor_id,
  unsigned short & product_id, unsigned short & version)
{ 
 
  struct usb_device_info di;
  int e, p, i;
  char devname[256];
 
  snprintf(devname, sizeof(devname),"umass%d",busno);
 
  di.udi_addr = a;
  e = ioctl(f, USB_DEVICEINFO, &di);
  if (e) {
    if (errno != ENXIO)
      printf("addr %d: I/O error\n", a);
    return 0;
  }
  done[a] = 1;
 
  // list devices
  for (i = 0; i < USB_MAX_DEVNAMES; i++) {
    if (di.udi_devnames[i][0]) {
      if(strcmp(di.udi_devnames[i],devname)==0) {
        // device found!
        vendor_id = di.udi_vendorNo;
        product_id = di.udi_productNo;
        version = di.udi_releaseNo;
        return 1;
        // FIXME
      }
    }
  }
  if (!rec)
    return 0;
  for (p = 0; p < di.udi_nports; p++) {
    int s = di.udi_ports[p];
    if (s >= USB_MAX_DEVICES) {
      continue;
    }
    if (s == 0)
      printf("addr 0 should never happen!\n");
    else {
      if(usbdevinfo(f, s, 1, busno, vendor_id, product_id, version)) return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
#endif
 
 
static int usbdevlist(int busno,unsigned short & vendor_id,
  unsigned short & product_id, unsigned short & version)
{
#if (FREEBSDVER >= 800000) // libusb2 interface
  struct libusb20_device *pdev = NULL;
  struct libusb20_backend *pbe;
  uint32_t matches = 0;
  char buf[128]; // do not change!
  char devname[128];
  uint8_t n;
  struct LIBUSB20_DEVICE_DESC_DECODED *pdesc;
 
  pbe = libusb20_be_alloc_default();
 
  while ((pdev = libusb20_be_device_foreach(pbe, pdev))) {
    matches++;
 
    if (libusb20_dev_open(pdev, 0)) {
      warnx("libusb20_dev_open: could not open device");
      return 0;
    }
 
    pdesc=libusb20_dev_get_device_desc(pdev);
 
    snprintf(devname, sizeof(devname),"umass%d:",busno);
    for (n = 0; n != 255; n++) {
      if (libusb20_dev_get_iface_desc(pdev, n, buf, sizeof(buf)))
        break;
      if (buf[0] == 0)
        continue;
      if(strncmp(buf,devname,strlen(devname))==0){
        // found!
        vendor_id = pdesc->idVendor;
        product_id = pdesc->idProduct;
        version = pdesc->bcdDevice;
        libusb20_dev_close(pdev);
        libusb20_be_free(pbe);
        return 1;
      }
    }
 
    libusb20_dev_close(pdev);
  }
 
  if (matches == 0) {
    printf("No device match or lack of permissions.\n");
  }
 
  libusb20_be_free(pbe);
 
  return false;
#else // freebsd < 8.0 USB stack, ioctl interface
 
  int  i, a, rc;
  char buf[50];
  int ncont;
 
  for (ncont = 0, i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s%d", USBDEV, i);
    int f = open(buf, O_RDONLY);
    if (f >= 0) {
      memset(done, 0, sizeof done);
      for (a = 1; a < USB_MAX_DEVICES; a++) {
        if (!done[a]) {
          rc = usbdevinfo(f, a, 1, busno,vendor_id, product_id, version);
          if(rc) return 1;
        }
 
      }
      close(f);
    } else {
      if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENXIO)
        continue;
      warn("%s", buf);
    }
    ncont++;
  }
  return 0;
#endif
}
 
smart_device * freebsd_smart_interface::autodetect_smart_device(const char * name)
{
  unsigned short vendor_id = 0, product_id = 0, version = 0;
  struct cam_device *cam_dev;
  union ccb ccb;
  int i;
  const char * test_name = name;
 
  memset(&ccb, 0, sizeof(ccb));
 
  // if dev_name null, or string length zero
  if (!name || !*name)
    return 0;
 
  // Dereference symlinks
  struct stat st;
  std::string pathbuf;
  if (!lstat(name, &st) && S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
    char * p = realpath(name, (char *)0);
    if (p) {
      pathbuf = p;
      free(p);
      test_name = pathbuf.c_str();
    }
  }
 
  // check ATA bus
  char * * atanames = 0; int numata = 0;
  numata = get_dev_names_ata(&atanames);
  if (numata > 0) {
    // check ATA/ATAPI devices
    for (i = 0; i < numata; i++) {
      if(!strcmp(atanames[i],test_name)) {
        for (int c = i; c < numata; c++) free(atanames[c]);
        free(atanames);
        return new freebsd_ata_device(this, test_name, "");
      }
      else free(atanames[i]);
    }
    free(atanames);
  }
  else {
    if (numata < 0)
      pout("Unable to get ATA device list\n");
  }
 
  // check CAM
  std::vector<std::string> scsinames;
  if (!get_dev_names_cam(scsinames, true))
    pout("Unable to get CAM device list\n");
  else if (!scsinames.empty()) {
    // check all devices on CAM bus
    for (i = 0; i < (int)scsinames.size(); i++) {
      if(strcmp(scsinames[i].c_str(), test_name)==0)
      { // our disk device is CAM
        if(strncmp(scsinames[i].c_str(), "/dev/pmp", strlen("/dev/pmp")) == 0) {
          pout("Skipping port multiplier [%s]\n", scsinames[i].c_str());
          set_err(EINVAL);
          return 0;
        }
        if ((cam_dev = cam_open_device(test_name, O_RDWR)) == NULL) {
          // open failure
          set_err(errno);
          return 0;
        }
        // zero the payload
        memset(&(&ccb.ccb_h)[1], 0, PATHINQ_SETTINGS_SIZE);
        ccb.ccb_h.func_code = XPT_PATH_INQ; // send PATH_INQ to the device
        if (ioctl(cam_dev->fd, CAMIOCOMMAND, &ccb) == -1) {
          warn("Get Transfer Settings CCB failed\n"
            "%s", strerror(errno));
          cam_close_device(cam_dev);
          return 0;
        }
        // now check if we are working with USB device, see umass.c
        if(strcmp(ccb.cpi.dev_name,"umass-sim") == 0) { // USB device found
          int bus=ccb.cpi.unit_number; // unit_number will match umass number
          cam_close_device(cam_dev);
          if(usbdevlist(bus,vendor_id, product_id, version)){
            const char * usbtype = get_usb_dev_type_by_id(vendor_id, product_id, version);
            if (usbtype)
              return get_scsi_passthrough_device(usbtype, new freebsd_scsi_device(this, test_name, ""));
          }
          return 0;
        }
#if FREEBSDVER > 800100
        // check if we have ATA device connected to CAM (ada)
        if(ccb.cpi.protocol == PROTO_ATA){
          cam_close_device(cam_dev);
          return new freebsd_atacam_device(this, test_name, "");
        }
#endif
        // close cam device, we don`t need it anymore
        cam_close_device(cam_dev);
        // handle as usual scsi
        return new freebsd_scsi_device(this, test_name, "");      
      }
    }
  }
  // device is LSI raid supported by mfi driver
  if(!strncmp("/dev/mfid", test_name, strlen("/dev/mfid"))) {
    set_err(EINVAL, "To access disks on LSI RAID load mfip.ko and use /dev/passX or use -d 'megaraid,N' with /dev/mfiX devices");
    return 0;
  }
 
  if(!strncmp(MFI_CTRLR_PREFIX, test_name, strlen(MFI_CTRLR_PREFIX)) || !strncmp(MRSAS_CTRLR_PREFIX, test_name, strlen(MRSAS_CTRLR_PREFIX))) {
    set_err(EINVAL, "To access disks on %s use '-d megaraid,N' device type", test_name);
    return 0;
  }
 
  // form /dev/nvme* or nvme*
  if(!strncmp("/dev/nvme", test_name, strlen("/dev/nvme")))
    return new freebsd_nvme_device(this, name, "", 0 /* use default nsid */);
  if(!strncmp("/dev/nvd", test_name, strlen("/dev/nvd")))
    set_err(EINVAL, "To monitor NVMe disks use /dev/nvme* device names");
 
  // device type unknown
  return 0;
}
 
 
smart_device * freebsd_smart_interface::get_custom_smart_device(const char * name, const char * type)
{
  int disknum = -1, n1 = -1, n2 = -1;
 
  if (sscanf(type, "3ware,%n%d%n", &n1, &disknum, &n2) == 1 || n1 == 6) {
    // 3Ware ?
    static const char * fbsd_dev_twe_ctrl = "/dev/twe";
    static const char * fbsd_dev_twa_ctrl = "/dev/twa";
    static const char * fbsd_dev_tws_ctrl = "/dev/tws";
    int contr = -1;
 
    if (n2 != (int)strlen(type)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option -d 3ware,N requires N to be a non-negative integer");
      return 0;
    }
    if (!(0 <= disknum && disknum <= 127)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option -d 3ware,N (N=%d) must have 0 <= N <= 127", disknum);
      return 0;
    }
 
    // guess 3ware device type based on device name
    if (str_starts_with(name, fbsd_dev_twa_ctrl) ||
        str_starts_with(name, fbsd_dev_tws_ctrl)   ) {
      contr=CONTROLLER_3WARE_9000_CHAR;
    }
    if (!strncmp(fbsd_dev_twe_ctrl, name, strlen(fbsd_dev_twe_ctrl))){
      contr=CONTROLLER_3WARE_678K_CHAR;
    }
 
    if(contr == -1){
      set_err(EINVAL, "3ware controller type unknown, use %sX, %sX or %sX devices", 
        fbsd_dev_twe_ctrl, fbsd_dev_twa_ctrl, fbsd_dev_tws_ctrl);
      return 0;
    }
    return new freebsd_escalade_device(this, name, contr, disknum);
  }
 
  // Highpoint ?
  int controller = -1, channel = -1; disknum = 1;
  n1 = n2 = -1; int n3 = -1;
  if (sscanf(type, "hpt,%n%d/%d%n/%d%n", &n1, &controller, &channel, &n2, &disknum, &n3) >= 2 || n1 == 4) {
    int len = strlen(type);
    if (!(n2 == len || n3 == len)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option '-d hpt,L/M/N' supports 2-3 items");
      return 0;
    }
    if (!(1 <= controller && controller <= 8)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option '-d hpt,L/M/N' invalid controller id L supplied");
      return 0;
    }
    if (!(1 <= channel && channel <= 128)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option '-d hpt,L/M/N' invalid channel number M supplied");
      return 0;
    }
    if (!(1 <= disknum && disknum <= 15)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option '-d hpt,L/M/N' invalid pmport number N supplied");
      return 0;
    }
    return new freebsd_highpoint_device(this, name, controller, channel, disknum);
  }
 
  // CCISS ?
  disknum = n1 = n2 = -1;
  if (sscanf(type, "cciss,%n%d%n", &n1, &disknum, &n2) == 1 || n1 == 6) {
    if (n2 != (int)strlen(type)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option -d cciss,N requires N to be a non-negative integer");
      return 0;
    }
    if (!(0 <= disknum && disknum <= 127)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option -d cciss,N (N=%d) must have 0 <= N <= 127", disknum);
      return 0;
    }
    return get_sat_device("sat,auto", new freebsd_cciss_device(this, name, disknum));
  }
#if FREEBSDVER > 800100
  // adaX devices ?
  if(!strcmp(type,"atacam"))
    return new freebsd_atacam_device(this, name, "");
#endif
  // Areca?
  disknum = n1 = n2 = -1;
  int encnum = 1;
  if (sscanf(type, "areca,%n%d/%d%n", &n1, &disknum, &encnum, &n2) >= 1 || n1 == 6) {
    if (!(1 <= disknum && disknum <= 128)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option -d areca,N/E (N=%d) must have 1 <= N <= 128", disknum);
      return 0;
    }
    if (!(1 <= encnum && encnum <= 8)) {
      set_err(EINVAL, "Option -d areca,N/E (E=%d) must have 1 <= E <= 8", encnum);
      return 0;
    }
    return new freebsd_areca_ata_device(this, name, disknum, encnum);
  }
 
  if (sscanf(type, "megaraid,%d", &disknum) == 1) {
    return new freebsd_megaraid_device(this, name, disknum);
  }
 
  return 0;
}
 
std::string freebsd_smart_interface::get_valid_custom_dev_types_str()
{
  return "3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N, cciss,N, areca,N/E, megaraid,N"
#if FREEBSDVER > 800100
  ", atacam"
#endif
  ;
}
 
} // namespace
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// Initialize platform interface and register with smi()
 
void smart_interface::init()
{
  static os_freebsd::freebsd_smart_interface the_interface;
  smart_interface::set(&the_interface);
}