dev_interface.cpp

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/*
 * dev_interface.cpp
 *
 * Home page of code is: https://www.smartmontools.org
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008-25 Christian Franke
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 */
 
#include "config.h"
 
#include "dev_interface.h"
#include "dev_tunnelled.h"
#include "atacmds.h" // ATA_SMART_CMD/STATUS
#include "scsicmds.h" // scsi_cmnd_io
#include "nvmecmds.h" // nvme_status_*()
#include "utility.h"
 
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // realpath()
#include <stdexcept>
 
const char * dev_interface_cpp_cvsid = "$Id: dev_interface.cpp 5677 2025-03-20 17:22:18Z chrfranke $"
  DEV_INTERFACE_H_CVSID;
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// smart_device
 
int smart_device::s_num_objects = 0;
 
smart_device::smart_device(smart_interface * intf, const char * dev_name,
    const char * dev_type, const char * req_type)
: m_intf(intf), m_info(dev_name, dev_type, req_type),
  m_ata_ptr(0), m_scsi_ptr(0), m_nvme_ptr(0)
{
  s_num_objects++;
}
 
smart_device::smart_device(do_not_use_in_implementation_classes)
: m_intf(0), m_ata_ptr(0), m_scsi_ptr(0), m_nvme_ptr(0)
{
  throw std::logic_error("smart_device: wrong constructor called in implementation class");
}
 
smart_device::~smart_device()
{
  s_num_objects--;
}
 
bool smart_device::is_syscall_unsup() const
{
  if (get_errno() == ENOSYS)
    return true;
#ifdef ENOTSUP
  if (get_errno() == ENOTSUP)
    return true;
#endif
  return false;
}
 
bool smart_device::set_err(int no, const char * msg, ...)
{
  if (!msg)
    return set_err(no);
  m_err.no = no;
  va_list ap; va_start(ap, msg);
  m_err.msg = vstrprintf(msg, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return false;
}
 
bool smart_device::set_err(int no)
{
  return smi()->set_err_var(&m_err, no);
}
 
smart_device * smart_device::autodetect_open()
{
  open();
  return this;
}
 
bool smart_device::is_powered_down()
{
  return false;
}
 
bool smart_device::owns(const smart_device * /*dev*/) const
{
  return false;
}
 
void smart_device::release(const smart_device * /*dev*/)
{
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ata_device
 
ata_in_regs_48bit::ata_in_regs_48bit()
: features_16(features, prev.features),
  sector_count_16(sector_count, prev.sector_count),
  lba_low_16(lba_low, prev.lba_low),
  lba_mid_16(lba_mid, prev.lba_mid),
  lba_high_16(lba_high, prev.lba_high),
  lba_48(     lba_low,      lba_mid,      lba_high,
         prev.lba_low, prev.lba_mid, prev.lba_high)
{
}
 
ata_out_regs_48bit::ata_out_regs_48bit()
: sector_count_16(sector_count, prev.sector_count),
  lba_low_16(lba_low, prev.lba_low),
  lba_mid_16(lba_mid, prev.lba_mid),
  lba_high_16(lba_high, prev.lba_high),
  lba_48(     lba_low,      lba_mid,      lba_high,
         prev.lba_low, prev.lba_mid, prev.lba_high)
{
}
 
ata_cmd_in::ata_cmd_in()
: direction(no_data),
  buffer(0),
  size(0)
{
}
 
ata_cmd_out::ata_cmd_out()
{
}
 
bool ata_device::ata_pass_through(const ata_cmd_in & in)
{
  ata_cmd_out dummy;
  return ata_pass_through(in, dummy);
}
 
bool ata_device::ata_cmd_is_supported(const ata_cmd_in & in,
  unsigned flags, const char * type /* = 0 */)
{
  // Check DATA IN/OUT
  switch (in.direction) {
    case ata_cmd_in::no_data:  break;
    case ata_cmd_in::data_in:  break;
    case ata_cmd_in::data_out: break;
    default:
      return set_err(EINVAL, "Invalid data direction %d", (int)in.direction);
  }
 
  // Check buffer size
  if (in.direction == ata_cmd_in::no_data) {
    if (in.size)
      return set_err(EINVAL, "Buffer size %u > 0 for NO DATA command", in.size);
  }
  else {
    if (!in.buffer)
      return set_err(EINVAL, "Buffer not set for DATA IN/OUT command");
    unsigned count = (in.in_regs.prev.sector_count<<16)|in.in_regs.sector_count;
    // TODO: Add check for sector count == 0
    if (count * 512 != in.size)
      return set_err(EINVAL, "Sector count %u does not match buffer size %u", count, in.size);
  }
 
  // Check features
  const char * errmsg = 0;
  if (in.direction == ata_cmd_in::data_out && !(flags & supports_data_out))
    errmsg = "DATA OUT ATA commands not implemented";
  else if (   in.out_needed.is_set() && !(flags & supports_output_regs)
           && !(   in.in_regs.command == ATA_SMART_CMD
                && in.in_regs.features == ATA_SMART_STATUS
                && (flags & supports_smart_status)))
    errmsg = "Read of ATA output registers not implemented";
  else if (!(in.size == 0 || in.size == 512) && !(flags & supports_multi_sector))
    errmsg = "Multi-sector ATA commands not implemented";
  else if (in.in_regs.is_48bit_cmd() && !(flags & (supports_48bit_hi_null|supports_48bit)))
    errmsg = "48-bit ATA commands not implemented";
  else if (in.in_regs.is_real_48bit_cmd() && !(flags & supports_48bit))
    errmsg = "48-bit ATA commands not fully implemented";
 
  if (errmsg)
    return set_err(ENOSYS, "%s%s%s%s", errmsg,
                   (type ? " [" : ""), (type ? type : ""), (type ? "]" : ""));
 
  return true;
}
 
bool ata_device::ata_identify_is_cached() const
{
  return false;
}
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// scsi_device
 
bool scsi_device::scsi_pass_through_and_check(scsi_cmnd_io * iop,
                                              const char * msg)
{
  // Provide sense buffer
  unsigned char sense[32] = {0, };
  iop->sensep = sense;
  iop->max_sense_len = sizeof(sense);
  iop->timeout = SCSI_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
 
  // Run cmd
  if (!scsi_pass_through(iop)) {
    if (scsi_debugmode > 0)
      pout("%sscsi_pass_through() failed, errno=%d [%s]\n",
           msg, get_errno(), get_errmsg());
    iop->sensep = nullptr;
    return false;
  }
 
  // Check sense
  scsi_sense_disect sinfo;
  scsi_do_sense_disect(iop, &sinfo);
  int err = scsiSimpleSenseFilter(&sinfo);
  iop->sensep = nullptr;
  if (err) {
    if (scsi_debugmode > 0)
      pout("%sscsi error: %s\n", msg, scsiErrString(err));
    return set_err(EIO, "scsi error %s", scsiErrString(err));
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// nvme_device
 
bool nvme_device::set_nvme_err(nvme_cmd_out & out, unsigned status, const char * msg /* = 0 */)
{
  out.status = status;
  out.status_valid = true;
  char buf[64];
  return set_err(nvme_status_to_errno(status), "%s%s (0x%03x)", (msg ? msg : ""),
                 nvme_status_to_info_str(buf, status), status);
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// tunnelled_device_base
 
tunnelled_device_base::tunnelled_device_base(smart_device * tunnel_dev)
: smart_device(never_called),
  m_tunnel_base_dev(tunnel_dev)
{
}
 
tunnelled_device_base::~tunnelled_device_base()
{
  delete m_tunnel_base_dev;
}
 
bool tunnelled_device_base::is_open() const
{
  return (m_tunnel_base_dev && m_tunnel_base_dev->is_open());
}
 
bool tunnelled_device_base::open()
{
  if (!m_tunnel_base_dev)
    return set_err(ENOSYS);
  if (!m_tunnel_base_dev->open())
    return set_err(m_tunnel_base_dev->get_err());
  return true;
}
 
bool tunnelled_device_base::close()
{
  if (!m_tunnel_base_dev)
    return true;
  if (!m_tunnel_base_dev->close())
    return set_err(m_tunnel_base_dev->get_err());
  return true;
}
 
bool tunnelled_device_base::owns(const smart_device * dev) const
{
  return (m_tunnel_base_dev && (m_tunnel_base_dev == dev));
}
 
void tunnelled_device_base::release(const smart_device * dev)
{
  if (m_tunnel_base_dev == dev)
    m_tunnel_base_dev = 0;
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// smart_interface
 
// Pointer to (usually singleton) interface object returned by ::smi()
smart_interface * smart_interface::s_instance;
 
std::string smart_interface::get_os_version_str()
{
  return SMARTMONTOOLS_BUILD_HOST;
}
 
std::string smart_interface::get_valid_dev_types_str()
{
  // default
  std::string s =
    "ata, scsi[+TYPE], nvme[,NSID], sat[,auto][,N][+TYPE], usbasm1352r,N, usbcypress[,X], "
    "usbjmicron[,p][,x][,N], usbprolific, usbsunplus[/sat], sntasmedia[/sat], "
    "sntjmicron[,NSID][/sat], sntrealtek[/sat], jmb39x[-q[2]],N[,sLBA][,force][+TYPE], "
    "jms56x,N[,sLBA][,force][+TYPE]";
  // append custom
  std::string s2 = get_valid_custom_dev_types_str();
  if (!s2.empty()) {
    s += ", "; s += s2;
  }
  return s;
}
 
std::string smart_interface::get_app_examples(const char * /*appname*/)
{
  return "";
}
 
bool smart_interface::disable_system_auto_standby(bool /*disable*/)
{
  return set_err(ENOSYS);
}
 
bool smart_interface::set_err(int no, const char * msg, ...)
{
  if (!msg)
    return set_err(no);
  m_err.no = no;
  va_list ap; va_start(ap, msg);
  m_err.msg = vstrprintf(msg, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return false;
}
 
decltype(nullptr) smart_interface::set_err_np(int no, const char * msg, ...)
{
  if (!msg) {
    set_err(no);
    return nullptr;
  }
  m_err.no = no;
  va_list ap; va_start(ap, msg);
  m_err.msg = vstrprintf(msg, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  return nullptr;
}
 
bool smart_interface::set_err(int no)
{
  return set_err_var(&m_err, no);
}
 
bool smart_interface::set_err_var(smart_device::error_info * err, int no)
{
  err->no = no;
  err->msg = get_msg_for_errno(no);
  if (err->msg.empty() && no != 0)
    err->msg = strprintf("Unknown error %d", no);
  return false;
}
 
const char * smart_interface::get_msg_for_errno(int no)
{
  return strerror(no);
}
 
std::string smart_interface::get_unique_dev_name(const char * name, const char * type) const
{
  std::string unique_name;
#if defined(HAVE_UNISTD_H) && !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__OS2__)
  char * p = realpath(name, (char *)0); // nullptr requires POSIX.1.2008 compatibility
  if (p) {
    unique_name = p;
    free(p);
  }
  else
#endif
    unique_name = name;
 
  if (*type && is_raid_dev_type(type)) {
    // -d TYPE options must match if RAID drive number is specified
    unique_name += " ["; unique_name += type; unique_name += ']';
  }
  return unique_name;
}
 
bool smart_interface::is_raid_dev_type(const char * type) const
{
  if (!strchr(type, ','))
    return false;
  if (str_starts_with(type, "sat,"))
    return false;
  int i;
  if (sscanf(type, "%*[^,],%d", &i) != 1)
    return false;
  return true;
}
 
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Default device factory
 
smart_device * smart_interface::get_smart_device(const char * name, const char * type)
{
  clear_err();
 
  // Call platform specific autodetection if no device type specified
  smart_device * dev;
  if (!type || !*type) {
    dev = autodetect_smart_device(name);
    if (!dev && !get_errno())
      set_err(EINVAL, "Unable to detect device type");
    return dev;
  }
 
  // First check for platform specific device types
  dev = get_custom_smart_device(name, type);
  if (dev || get_errno())
    return dev;
 
  if (!strcmp(type, "ata"))
    dev = get_ata_device(name, type);
  else if (!strcmp(type, "scsi"))
    dev = get_scsi_device(name, type);
 
  else if (str_starts_with(type, "nvme")) {
    int n1 = -1, n2 = -1, len = strlen(type);
    unsigned nsid = 0; // invalid namespace id -> use default
    sscanf(type, "nvme%n,0x%x%n", &n1, &nsid, &n2);
    if (!(n1 == len || n2 == len))
      return set_err_np(EINVAL, "Invalid NVMe namespace id in '%s'", type);
    dev = get_nvme_device(name, type, nsid);
  }
  // TODO: Unify handling of '-d TYPE...+BASETYPE...'
  else if (  (str_starts_with(type, "sat") && (!type[3] || strchr(",+", type[3])))
           || str_starts_with(type, "scsi+")
           || str_starts_with(type, "usb")                                        ) {
    // Split "sat...+base..." -> ("sat...", "base...")
    unsigned satlen = strcspn(type, "+");
    std::string sattype(type, satlen);
    const char * basetype = (type[satlen] ? type+satlen+1 : "");
    // Recurse to allocate base device, default is standard SCSI
    if (!*basetype)
      basetype = "scsi";
    smart_device_auto_ptr basedev( get_smart_device(name, basetype) );
    if (!basedev)
      return set_err_np(EINVAL, "Type '%s+...': %s", sattype.c_str(), get_errmsg());
    // Result must be SCSI
    if (!basedev->is_scsi())
      return set_err_np(EINVAL, "Type '%s+...': Device type '%s' is not SCSI", sattype.c_str(), basetype);
    // Attach SAT tunnel
    return get_sat_device(sattype.c_str(), basedev.release()->to_scsi());
  }
 
  else if (str_starts_with(type, "snt")) {
    smart_device_auto_ptr basedev( get_smart_device(name, "scsi") );
    if (!basedev)
      return set_err_np(EINVAL, "Type '%s': %s", type, get_errmsg());
 
    return get_snt_device(type, basedev.release()->to_scsi());
  }
 
  else if (str_starts_with(type, "jmb39x") || str_starts_with(type, "jms56x")) {
    // Split "jmb39x...+base..." -> ("jmb39x...", "base...")
    unsigned jmblen = strcspn(type, "+");
    std::string jmbtype(type, jmblen);
    const char * basetype = (type[jmblen] ? type+jmblen+1 : "");
    // Recurse to allocate base device, default is standard SCSI
    if (!*basetype)
      basetype = "scsi";
    smart_device_auto_ptr basedev( get_smart_device(name, basetype) );
    if (!basedev)
      return set_err_np(EINVAL, "Type '%s+...': %s", jmbtype.c_str(), get_errmsg());
    // Attach JMB39x tunnel
    return get_jmb39x_device(jmbtype.c_str(), basedev.release());
  }
 
  else if (str_starts_with(type, "intelliprop")) {
    // Split "intelliprop...+base..." -> ("intelliprop...", "base...")
    unsigned itllen = strcspn(type, "+");
    std::string itltype(type, itllen);
    const char * basetype = (type[itllen] ? type+itllen+1 : "");
    // Recurse to allocate base device, default is standard ATA
    if (!*basetype)
      basetype = "ata";
    smart_device_auto_ptr basedev( get_smart_device(name, basetype) );
    if (!basedev)
      return set_err_np(EINVAL, "Type '%s': %s", type, get_errmsg());
    // Result must be ATA
    if (!basedev->is_ata())
      return set_err_np(EINVAL, "Type '%s': Device type '%s' is not ATA", type, basetype);
    return get_intelliprop_device(itltype.c_str(), basedev.release()->to_ata());
  }
 
  else {
    return set_err_np(EINVAL, "Unknown device type '%s'", type);
  }
  if (!dev && !get_errno())
    set_err(EINVAL, "Not a device of type '%s'", type);
  return dev;
}
 
bool smart_interface::scan_smart_devices(smart_device_list & /*devlist*/,
  const char * /*type*/, const char * /*pattern*/ /* = 0 */)
{
  return set_err(ENOSYS);
}
 
bool smart_interface::scan_smart_devices(smart_device_list & devlist,
  const smart_devtype_list & types, const char * pattern /* = 0 */)
{
  unsigned n = types.size();
  if (n == 0)
    return scan_smart_devices(devlist, (const char *)0, pattern);
  if (n == 1)
    return scan_smart_devices(devlist, types.front().c_str(), pattern);
 
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    smart_device_list tmplist;
    if (!scan_smart_devices(tmplist, types[i].c_str(), pattern))
      return false;
    devlist.append(tmplist);
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
nvme_device * smart_interface::get_nvme_device(const char * /*name*/, const char * /*type*/, unsigned /*nsid*/)
{
  return set_err_np(ENOSYS, "NVMe devices are not supported in this version of smartmontools");
}
 
smart_device * smart_interface::get_custom_smart_device(const char * /*name*/, const char * /*type*/)
{
  return nullptr;
}
 
std::string smart_interface::get_valid_custom_dev_types_str()
{
  return "";
}
 
smart_device * smart_interface::get_scsi_passthrough_device(const char * type, scsi_device * scsidev)
{
  if (!strncmp(type, "snt", 3)) {
    return get_snt_device(type, scsidev);
  }
 
  return get_sat_device(type, scsidev);
}